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辅酶ⅠNAD(H)广泛存在于动物、植物、微生物及培养细胞中。NAD⁺是糖酵解(EMP)和三羧酸循环(TCA)的主要氢受体,其还原生成的NADH经电子传递链(ETC)将电子传递给氧,在合成ATP的同时产生大量活性氧(ROS),NADH则再生为NAD⁺;糖、脂、蛋白质三大营养物质的分解氧化反应绝大部分通过该体系完成。因此,NAD(H)含量及NADH/NAD⁺比值可反映糖酵解和TCA循环的强弱:比值升高提示细胞呼吸耗氧量较高,处于过氧化状态,同时也会反馈抑制糖酵解和TCA循环。此外,NAD⁺的降解产物在细胞信号传导、代谢调控及基因表达等方面具有重要调节功能。 本试剂盒采用酸性和碱性提取液分别提取样品中的NAD⁺和NADH;NADH通过PMS递氢作用还原氧化型噻唑蓝(MTT)生成甲臜(formazan),于570 nm处检测吸光度;NAD⁺则先经乙醇脱氢酶还原为NADH,再通过上述MTT还原体系进行测定,从而实现NAD⁺和NADH的分别定量。
Coenzyme I NAD(H) is widely present in animals, plants, microorganisms, and cultured cells. NAD⁺ serves as the primary hydrogen acceptor in glycolysis (EMP) and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. The NADH generated from its reduction transfers electrons to oxygen via the electron transport chain (ETC), producing ATP while generating a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and NADH is regenerated to NAD⁺. The vast majority of oxidative reactions involved in the catabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins proceed through this system. Therefore, the NAD(H) content and the NADH/NAD⁺ ratio reflect the intensity of glycolysis and the TCA cycle: an increased ratio suggests higher cellular oxygen consumption and an oxidative stress state, which in turn exerts feedback inhibition on glycolysis and the TCA cycle. Additionally, degradation products of NAD⁺ play important regulatory roles in cellular signaling, metabolic regulation, and gene expression. This kit employs acidic and alkaline extraction buffers to separately extract NAD⁺ and NADH from samples. NADH reduces oxidized thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) to formazan via the electron-carrying action of phenazine methosulfate (PMS), and the absorbance is measured at 570 nm. NAD⁺ is first reduced to NADH by alcohol dehydrogenase, followed by quantification through the aforementioned MTT reduction system, thereby enabling the separate quantification of NAD⁺ and NADH.