计算溶液所需的质量、体积或浓度。
概述
一、 服务概述
免疫组织化学（IHC）是一项结合了免疫学原理（抗原-抗体特异性反应）和组织化学技术，用于在组织切片上原位检测特定蛋白质（抗原）表达与定位的强大工具。我司提供的专业IHC实验服务，旨在为客户提供一站式、高质量、可重复的实验解决方案，帮助您在组织形态学背景下，精确揭示目标分子的表达水平、细胞定位（胞膜、胞浆、核）以及分布特征，为您的生命科学研究、药物研发和临床诊断提供关键性的数据支持。
二、 核心技术流程
我们遵循严谨的标准操作程序（SOP），确保每一份结果的可靠性与准确性。
1. 样本接收与评估：接收您提供的石蜡包埋组织块、冰冻组织或现有切片。我们对样本进行初步评估，确保其符合实验要求。
2. 切片制备：使用高精度切片机进行石蜡切片（3-5μm）或冰冻切片，并精准贴附于防脱载玻片上。
3. 脱蜡与水化（针对石蜡切片）：通过系列二甲苯和梯度乙醇，彻底去除石蜡，使组织恢复水合状态。
4. 抗原修复：采用热诱导表位修复或酶消化法，以暴露因甲醛固定而被遮蔽的抗原表位，这是实验成功的关键步骤之一。
5. 内源性过氧化物酶阻断：消除组织内源性的过氧化物酶活性，防止后续显色步骤产生非特异性背景。
6. 非特异性位点封闭：使用正常血清或BSA进行封闭，减少抗体的非特异性吸附。
7. 一抗孵育：在优化条件下，使用您提供的或由我们推荐的特定一抗与组织中的目标抗原进行特异性结合。
8. 二抗孵育：加入与一抗种属对应的酶标（如HRP）或荧光标记的二抗，与一抗进行结合。
9. 显色与复染：
o DAB显色（HRP系统）：产生不溶性的棕色沉淀，可在普通光学显微镜下观察。
o AEC显色（HRP系统）：产生红色沉淀。
o 荧光显色：使用荧光二抗（如FITC, Cy3, Cy5），在荧光显微镜下观察。
o 复染：使用苏木精（Hematoxylin）或DAPI对细胞核进行复染，提供组织形态学对照。
10. 封片与成像：根据显色系统选择中性树胶（DAB）或水性封片剂（AEC/荧光）进行封片。由经验丰富的技术人员在专业显微镜下进行观察、采集高清数字图像。
11. 结果分析与报告：提供高质量的图像文件，并可提供半定量分析（如H-Score, Allred Score）或定量分析服务。
三、 我们的服务内容与特色
1. 常规IHC检测服务
· 提供从样本到结果的全套服务。
· 涵盖多种组织类型：人、小鼠、大鼠等各类组织。
· 支持石蜡切片和冰冻切片。
2. 抗体优化与检测开发
· 如果您有特定的新抗体，我们可以为您进行一抗浓度、抗原修复条件等的优化实验，建立稳定的IHC检测流程。
3. 多重荧光免疫组化（mIHC）
· 利用酪酰胺信号放大技术或抗体直接荧光标记，在同一张组织切片上同时检测2-9种甚至更多靶标。
· 可分析不同细胞类型间的空间位置关系和相互作用，适用于肿瘤微环境、免疫细胞浸润等前沿研究。
4. 结果判读与定量分析
· 图像定量分析：使用如Image-Pro Plus, HALO, ImageJ等专业软件，对目标蛋白的表达强度、阳性细胞百分比、组织分布等进行精确定量。
5. 对照设置
我们深知对照的重要性，因此在每批次实验中均严格设置：
· 阳性对照：已知表达目标抗原的组织。
· 阴性对照：
o 空白对照（无一抗）。
o 同型对照（使用无关IgG）。
o 组织内参（如GAPDH, β-actin）。
四、 您需要提供的材料
· 实验样本：石蜡块、冰冻组织或已切好的白片。
· 目标信息：待检测的目标蛋白名称及推荐的一抗信息（公司、货号、克隆号）。
· 实验需求：预期的染色定位、半定量/定量分析要求等。
(注：我们也可提供多种经过验证的常用一抗，欢迎咨询我们的抗体列表。)
五、 我们的服务优势
· 丰富的经验：团队拥有多年IHC实验经验，处理过上千种不同组织样本和靶点。
· 专业的技术团队：由分子生物学、病理学背景的资深实验员操作，确保流程规范。
· 高质量的成果：染色清晰、背景干净、定位准确，结果可重复性强。
· 灵活的个性化方案：可根据您的具体研究目的，量身定制实验方案。
· 快速的项目周期：从收样到交付结果，通常需 10个工作日。
· 极具竞争力的价格：我们通过优化流程和规模化运营，为您提供高性价比的服务。
六、 应用领域
· 基础科研：疾病标志物发现、信号通路研究、发育生物学、神经科学等。
· 生物制药：药物作用靶点验证、药效学生物标志物（Biomarker）分析、临床前研究。
· 临床诊断辅助：肿瘤分型（如ER/PR/Her2 in Breast Cancer）、感染性疾病病原体检测、预后判断。
农业与畜牧：动植物病理检测、基因功能研究。
Professional Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Experimental Services – Providing a Precise "Molecular Microscope" for Your Research and Diagnosis
I. Service Overview
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a powerful technique that combines immunological principles (specific antigen-antibody reactions) and histochemical methods to detect the expression and localization of specific proteins (antigens) in situ on tissue sections. Our professional IHC service aims to provide clients with a one-stop, high-quality, and reproducible experimental solution. We help you precisely reveal the expression level, cellular localization (membrane, cytoplasmic, nuclear), and distribution characteristics of target molecules within the morphological context of tissues, providing crucial data support for your life science research, drug development, and clinical diagnostics.
II. Core Technical Process
We adhere to rigorous Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to ensure the reliability and accuracy of every result.
1. Sample Receipt & Assessment: We receive paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, frozen tissues, or existing slides provided by you. We conduct an initial assessment to ensure samples meet experimental requirements.
2. Sectioning: Using high-precision microtomes, we prepare paraffin sections (3-5μm) or frozen sections and mount them accurately on adhesive-coated slides.
3. Deparaffinization & Rehydration (for paraffin sections): Sequential xylene and graded ethanol series are used to thoroughly remove paraffin and rehydrate the tissue.
4. Antigen Retrieval: Employing heat-induced epitope retrieval (HIER) or enzymatic digestion to expose antigen epitopes masked by formaldehyde fixation—a critical step for experimental success.
5. Endogenous Peroxidase Blocking: Eliminates endogenous peroxidase activity within the tissue to prevent non-specific background in subsequent chromogenic steps.
6. Non-specific Site Blocking: Blocking is performed using normal serum or BSA to reduce non-specific antibody binding.
7. Primary Antibody Incubation: Under optimized conditions, the specific primary antibody (provided by you or recommended by us) is applied to bind specifically to the target antigen in the tissue.
8. Secondary Antibody Incubation: Adding an enzyme-conjugated (e.g., HRP) or fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody, corresponding to the host species of the primary antibody, which binds to the primary antibody.
9. Detection & Counterstaining:
o DAB Chromogen (HRP system): Produces an insoluble brown precipitate, observable under a standard bright-field microscope.
o AEC Chromogen (HRP system): Produces a red precipitate.
o Fluorescence Detection: Uses fluorescent secondary antibodies (e.g., FITC, Cy3, Cy5), observable under a fluorescence microscope.
o Counterstaining: Hematoxylin or DAPI is used to stain cell nuclei, providing morphological context.
10. Mounting & Imaging: Sections are mounted using neutral balsam (for DAB) or aqueous mounting media (for AEC/fluorescence). Experienced technicians perform observation and capture high-resolution digital images using professional microscopes.
11. Result Analysis & Reporting: We provide high-quality image files and can offer semi-quantitative analysis (e.g., H-Score, Allred Score) or quantitative analysis services.
III. Our Services & Features
1. Standard IHC Detection Service:
o Comprehensive service from sample processing to final results.
o Covers various tissue types: human, mouse, rat, and other species.
o Supports both paraffin and frozen sections.
2. Antibody Optimization & Assay Development:
o If you have a specific new antibody, we can perform optimization experiments for primary antibody concentration, antigen retrieval conditions, etc., to establish a stable IHC protocol.
3. Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry (mIHC):
o Utilizing Tyramide Signal Amplification (TSA) or directly labeled antibodies to simultaneously detect 2-9 or more targets on the same tissue section.
o Enables analysis of spatial relationships and interactions between different cell types, suitable for cutting-edge research like tumor microenvironment and immune cell infiltration.
4. Result Interpretation & Quantitative Analysis:
o Image quantification: Using professional software like Image-Pro Plus, HALO, ImageJ, etc., for precise quantification of target protein expression intensity, percentage of positive cells, tissue distribution, etc.
5. Control Setting:
We understand the importance of controls and strictly include the following in each batch of experiments:
o Positive Control: Tissue known to express the target antigen.
o Negative Controls:
§ Blank Control (Without primary antibody).
§ Isotype Control (using irrelevant IgG).
§ Internal Tissue Reference (e.g., GAPDH, β-actin).
IV. Materials Required from You
· Experimental Samples: Paraffin blocks, frozen tissues, or pre-cut unstained slides.
· Target Information: Name of the target protein to be detected and recommended primary antibody information (company, catalog number, clone number).
· Experimental Requirements: Expected staining localization, semi-quantitative/quantitative analysis requirements, etc.
(Note: We can also provide a variety of commonly used, validated primary antibodies. Please inquire for our antibody list.)
V. Our Service Advantages
· Extensive Experience: Our team has years of IHC experience, having processed thousands of different tissue samples and targets.
· Professional Technical Team: Operations are performed by experienced technicians with backgrounds in molecular biology and pathology, ensuring standardized procedures.
· High-Quality Results: Clear staining, clean background, accurate localization, and strong reproducibility.
· Flexible & Personalized Plans: Customized experimental protocols tailored to your specific research objectives.
· Fast Turnaround Time: Typically 10 working days from sample receipt to result delivery.
· Highly Competitive Pricing: We offer cost-effective services through optimized processes and scaled operations.
VI. Application Fields
· Basic Research: Disease biomarker discovery, signaling pathway studies, developmental biology, neuroscience, etc.
· Biopharmaceuticals: Drug target validation, pharmacodynamic biomarker analysis, preclinical research.
· Clinical Diagnostics Assistance: Tumor typing (e.g., ER/PR/Her2 in Breast Cancer), pathogen detection in infectious diseases, prognosis assessment.
· Agriculture & Animal Husbandry: Pathological detection in plants and animals, gene function studies.
规格
别名
免疫组化，IHC，Immunohistochemistry
英文别名
IHC，Immunohistochemistry
英文名称
IHC Experimental Services
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