Dulbecco's 改良培养基--DMEM（Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium）是在MEM培养基的基础上研制的，与MEM培养基相比，氨基酸的含量增加了2倍，维生素的含量增加了4倍，同时还增加了非必须氨基酸、微量铁离子以及丙酮酸钠。DMEM培养基最初设计葡萄糖含量为1000mg/L（低糖型），后来又发展出葡萄糖含量为4500mg/L（高糖型），现已广泛应用于各种细胞的培养。
DMEM高糖型培养基普遍应用于生长快、粘附性低的细胞、杂交瘤的骨髓瘤细胞、克隆细胞、DNA转染的转化细胞、各种原代病毒宿主细胞、单一细胞的培养以及疫苗的生产，例如利用CHO细胞表达EPO和生产乙肝疫苗。
酚红在培养基中被用来作为PH值的指示剂，用以持续监测培养液的酸碱度，在低PH值时酚红使培养液呈黄色，而较高的PH值时使培养液呈紫色，PH值7.2～7.4时为红色，最适合细胞培养。但酚红也有一些缺点，研究表明酚红可以模拟固醇类激素（特别是雌激素）的作用，因此在用到雌激素敏感的细胞时（如乳腺组织），最好使用不含酚红的培养基。酚红会干扰流式细胞分析时候的检测。此外，一些无血清培养基的配方中若存在酚红会干扰钠-钾平衡。
L-谷氨酰胺（Glutamine）是细胞培养中所必需的一种营养元素，但其在溶液中不稳定，会自发降解，不含L-谷氨酰胺的培养基，可以根据研究需要任意调整L-谷氨酰胺的用量，在使用时添加新鲜的L-谷氨酰胺或其替代物更利于细胞的生长。
本产品含有多类细胞培养所需的氨基酸、维生素、无机盐等多种成分；但不含蛋白质、脂类或任何生长因子；故此产品需搭配血清或无血清添加物使用。
注意事项
1、本产品经过滤除菌，使用时应注意无菌操作，避免污染；
2、为保持本产品的最佳使用效果，请勿进行冻融处理；
3、本产品仅用于科研或进一步研究使用，不用于诊断和治疗。
DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium) is developed on the basis of MEM medium. Compared with MEM, it contains 2‑fold higher amino acids and 4‑fold higher vitamins, and is additionally supplemented with non‑essential amino acids, trace iron ions, and sodium pyruvate. DMEM was originally formulated with a glucose concentration of 1000 mg/L (low‑glucose type); later, a high‑glucose version containing 4500 mg/L glucose was also developed, and the medium is now widely used for various cell cultures.
High‑glucose DMEM is commonly applied for fast‑growing, low‑adherent cells, hybridoma and myeloma cells, clonal cells, transformed cells for DNA transfection, various primary virus host cells, single‑cell cultures, and vaccine production – for example, in CHO cells for EPO expression and hepatitis B vaccine manufacturing.
Phenol red is used in the medium as a pH indicator to continuously monitor the acidity/alkalinity of the culture fluid. At low pH, phenol red turns the medium yellow; at high pH, it turns purple; at pH 7.2–7.4, it appears red, which is optimal for cell culture. However, phenol red has some drawbacks. Studies have shown that phenol red can mimic the action of steroid hormones, particularly estrogens. Therefore, when using estrogen‑sensitive cells (e.g., breast tissue), it is advisable to use phenol‑red‑free medium. Phenol red can also interfere with flow cytometry analysis. In addition, the presence of phenol red in some serum‑free formulations may disturb the sodium‑potassium balance.
L‑Glutamine is an essential nutrient for cell culture, but it is unstable in solution and undergoes spontaneous degradation. Medium without L‑glutamine allows for flexible adjustment of L‑glutamine concentration according to experimental needs; supplementing with fresh L‑glutamine or its substitutes at the time of use is more favorable for cell growth.
This product contains multiple components required for cell culture, including amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, etc.; however, it contains no proteins, lipids, or any growth factors. Therefore, this product must be used with serum or serum‑free supplements.
Precautions
① This product has been sterilized by filtration. Aseptic techniques must be observed during handling to prevent contamination.
② To maintain optimal performance, avoid freeze‑thaw cycles.
③ This product is intended for research or further study purposes only; it is not for diagnostic or therapeutic use.
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