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几丁质酶广泛存在于微生物、动物和植物中。高等植物虽不含几丁质(真菌细胞壁组分),但在病原菌感染时,几丁质酶活性迅速升高,因此该酶与植物抗病性密切相关,是重要的病程相关蛋白。几丁质酶主要水解几丁质多聚体的β-1,4-糖苷键,根据水解作用方式可分为内切酶和外切酶。几丁质外切酶作用于几丁质后释放N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖单体,该产物与铁氰化钾反应,在420 nm处有特征吸收,通过测定吸光值即可计算几丁质外切酶的活性。
Chitinases are widely distributed among microorganisms, animals, and plants. Although higher plants do not contain chitin (a component of fungal cell walls), chitinase activity increases rapidly upon pathogen infection, making this enzyme closely associated with plant disease resistance and an important pathogenesis-related protein. Chitinases mainly hydrolyze the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds of chitin polymers and can be classified into endo-enzymes and exo-enzymes based on their mode of action. Chitin exo-enzymes act on chitin to release N-acetylglucosamine monomers, which then react with potassium ferricyanide to produce a characteristic absorption at 420 nm. The activity of chitin exo-enzymes can be calculated by measuring the absorbance value.