Fraxinellone analog 1 (compound 2) is a potent and rapid activator of the Nrf2 mediated antioxidant defense system, which protects against glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and induces the expression of antioxidant genes Gpx4 , Sod1 , and Nqo1. Fraxinellone analog 1 has neuroprotective effects and regulatory effects against oxidative stress and inflammation, and can be used in the study of neurodegenerative diseases.