技术文章

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene: Properties & Synthetic Uses

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene is a versatile arylalkyl bromide intermediate widely used in organic synthesis as an electrophilic alkylating agent, enabling the introduction of a para-methoxybenzyl propyl tether into target molecules.

Chemical Name
1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene
Molecular Formula
C10H13BrO
Molecular Weight
229.12 g/mol
Aladdin SKU
B341751
Functional Groups
Alkyl bromide (primary), aryl ether (methoxy)
Key Reactivity
SN2 alkylation, coupling reactions, nucleophilic substitution

Chemical Identity and Physical Properties

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene (SKU: B341751) is an arylalkyl bromide featuring a three-carbon methylene chain connecting a para-methoxyphenyl (anisyl) group to a primary bromine leaving group. Its molecular formula is C10H13BrO, with a molecular weight of approximately 229.12 g/mol.

The compound possesses two key functional regions: an electron-rich aromatic ring activated by the para-methoxy substituent, and a primary alkyl bromide that serves as an excellent electrophile in nucleophilic substitution reactions. The primary nature of the bromide makes it highly amenable to SN2-type reactions with a broad range of nucleophiles including amines, thiols, alkoxides, and stabilised carbanions.

The compound is typically encountered as a colourless to pale-yellow liquid and should be stored in a cool, dry environment away from light and moisture to prevent hydrolysis or decomposition of the alkyl bromide moiety.

Synthetic Applications and Reactivity

1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene is a valued building block in synthetic organic chemistry, principally exploited for the following classes of transformation:

  • N-Alkylation: Reaction with primary and secondary amines under mild basic conditions furnishes N-(3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl) amine derivatives, motifs common in pharmaceutical and agrochemical targets.
  • O-Alkylation: Alkoxide nucleophiles react cleanly via SN2 to give ether-linked products, useful in the synthesis of polyether architectures and prodrug linkers.
  • C-Alkylation: Stabilised carbanions (malonates, cyanoacetates, enolates) can be alkylated to install the 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl chain, a strategy frequently employed in the construction of complex natural product analogues.
  • Cross-Coupling: Although the primary bromide is less reactive toward palladium-catalysed cross-coupling than aryl bromides, conditions such as Suzuki or Negishi coupling can be adapted when appropriate organometallic partners are employed.
  • Ring-Forming Reactions: The tethered aryl group can participate in intramolecular Friedel–Crafts or electrophilic cyclisation reactions to generate chroman, tetralin, or indane ring systems.

The para-methoxy group also offers a handle for downstream demethylation (using BBr3 or other Lewis acids) to reveal a free phenol, expanding the synthetic utility of adducts derived from this reagent.

Handling, Safety, and Storage

As with all primary alkyl bromides, 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene should be handled with appropriate laboratory precautions:

  • Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Use chemical-resistant gloves, safety glasses, and a laboratory coat. Work in a well-ventilated fume hood to minimise inhalation exposure.
  • Storage: Store tightly sealed in a cool (2–8 °C recommended), dark location. Segregate from strong oxidisers, bases, and moisture-sensitive materials. Long-term storage under inert atmosphere (nitrogen or argon) is advisable to prevent oxidation and hydrolysis.
  • Waste Disposal: Dispose of as halogenated organic waste in accordance with local institutional and regulatory requirements.
  • Stability: The compound is susceptible to hydrolysis under strongly acidic or basic aqueous conditions; handle solutions promptly and avoid prolonged exposure to protic solvents at elevated temperatures.

Researchers should consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by Aladdin Scientific for full hazard classification, first-aid measures, and transport information before use.

Ordering Information and Product Specifications

Aladdin Scientific supplies 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene under SKU B341751. The product is also cross-referenced to Santa Cruz Biotechnology catalogue number sc-222522.

When placing an order, researchers and procurement teams should specify the required quantity and purity grade. Aladdin Scientific maintains rigorous quality-control procedures, including purity analysis by GC or HPLC, to ensure lot-to-lot consistency for demanding synthetic applications.

For bulk quantities, custom packaging, or certificate-of-analysis requests, please contact Aladdin Scientific customer support. Volume discounts and institutional pricing may be available.

Frequently asked questions

What nucleophiles react efficiently with 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene?

The primary alkyl bromide undergoes efficient S₂ reactions with a wide range of nucleophiles including amines, thiols, alkoxides, malonate anions, and cyanoacetate enolates under mild conditions. Reactions are typically carried out in polar aprotic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, or acetonitrile in the presence of a base.

How should 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene be stored to maximise shelf life?

The compound should be stored sealed in a cool, dark environment, ideally at 2–8 °C under an inert atmosphere of nitrogen or argon. Exposure to moisture, light, and heat accelerates hydrolysis and decomposition of the alkyl bromide functionality, reducing reagent quality over time.

Can this reagent be used in palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions?

Primary alkyl bromides such as 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene are generally less reactive in standard palladium-catalysed cross-coupling protocols compared to aryl or vinyl bromides. However, with optimised ligand systems and appropriate organometallic coupling partners, successful cross-coupling transformations have been reported in the literature for analogous primary alkyl bromides; researchers should consult recent methodology papers for specific conditions.

What is the significance of the para-methoxy group in synthetic planning?

The para-methoxy group activates the aromatic ring toward electrophilic aromatic substitution and can direct further functionalisation to the ortho and para positions. It can also be selectively demethylated to a free phenol using reagents such as BBr₃, providing an additional handle for further derivatisation in multi-step synthesis.

References

  1. March, J. Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 4th ed.; Wiley-Interscience: New York, 1992. (General reference for S₂ reactions of primary alkyl halides.)
  2. Clayden, J.; Greeves, N.; Warren, S. Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press: Oxford, 2012. (Textbook-level reference for alkyl halide reactivity and nucleophilic substitution.)
  3. Aladdin Scientific product page for 1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene, SKU B341751. Santa Cruz cross-reference: sc-222522.

Products are supplied for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.

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Da — 若无特别说明,分子量单位默认为道尔顿。   Mw — 重均分子量。   Mn — 数均分子量。

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阿拉丁科学.《1-(3-Bromopropyl)-4-methoxybenzene: Properties & Synthetic Uses》. 阿拉丁知识库,更新于 2026年10月5日。 https://www.aladdin-e.com/zh_cn/faqs/1-3-bromopropyl-4-methoxybenzene-properties-synthetic-uses-en.html
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