What Is 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde?

2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde (CAS 2144-08-3) is an aromatic aldehyde belonging to the polyphenol family. Its structure consists of a benzaldehyde core substituted with hydroxyl groups at the ortho (2-), meta (3-), and para (4-) positions relative to the aldehyde functionality. The molecular formula is C₇H₆O₄, with a molecular weight of approximately 154.12 g/mol.

The combination of an electrophilic aldehyde group and three phenolic hydroxyl groups endows this compound with dual reactivity: it can participate in condensation reactions via the aldehyde, while the phenolic oxygens can act as metal-chelating ligands or hydrogen-bond donors. This multifunctionality distinguishes it from simpler benzaldehydes and makes it a valuable building block in medicinal chemistry and materials science.

Key Physicochemical Properties and Solubility

2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde typically appears as a light yellow to brown crystalline powder at room temperature. The extensive hydrogen-bonding network formed by its three hydroxyl groups and aldehyde oxygen influences both its melting point and solubility profile.

The compound is generally soluble in polar organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, acetone, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Aqueous solubility is moderate and increases under basic conditions due to deprotonation of the phenolic groups. It has limited solubility in non-polar solvents such as hexane or diethyl ether. When preparing stock solutions, dissolving in DMSO or ethanol first and then diluting with aqueous buffer is recommended for biological assay applications.

Note: Specific melting point values should be confirmed against the certificate of analysis (CoA) supplied with each lot from Aladdin Scientific (SKU T107278).

Laboratory Applications and Research Uses

The unique trifunctional phenolic-aldehyde structure of 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde supports a broad range of research applications:

• Organic Synthesis Intermediate: Used in the preparation of Schiff bases, benzoxazoles, chromenes, and other heterocyclic scaffolds through condensation with amines, amino acids, or active methylene compounds.
• Metal Chelation and Coordination Chemistry: The catechol-like 3,4-diol motif combined with the adjacent aldehyde provides strong coordination sites for transition metals, enabling the design of metal-organic complexes and sensors.
• Antioxidant and Biological Studies: As a polyphenol, it is studied for its free-radical scavenging properties; researchers use it as a reference compound or precursor in structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies.
• Analytical Chemistry: Employed as a chromogenic or fluorogenic reagent for the detection of metal ions in solution.

Researchers should verify suitability for specific applications by reviewing the purity specification on the Aladdin CoA for SKU T107278.

Handling, Storage, and Safety Considerations

Like most polyphenolic aldehydes, 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde can be sensitive to oxidation and light-induced degradation. Adherence to proper handling and storage protocols preserves reagent quality and research reproducibility.

Storage: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool (typically 2–8 °C or room temperature as specified on the label), dry, and dark environment. Protect from moisture and strong oxidizing agents. Avoid prolonged exposure to air after opening.

Handling: Use standard laboratory personal protective equipment (PPE) including nitrile gloves, safety glasses, and a lab coat. Work in a well-ventilated area or fume hood when handling powders to minimize inhalation exposure. Consult the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by Aladdin Scientific for complete hazard information before use.

Disposal: Dispose of waste in accordance with local and institutional regulations for organic chemical waste.

Always consult the product SDS for lot-specific safety data.

Ordering and Specifications at Aladdin Scientific

Aladdin Scientific offers 2,3,4-Trihydroxybenzaldehyde under SKU T107278. When placing an order, researchers and procurement teams should note the following:

• Purity: Refer to the current product page or request a CoA for lot-specific purity data. High-purity grades are essential for sensitive biological and analytical applications.
• Pack Sizes: Multiple pack sizes may be available to suit both small-scale exploratory research and larger preparative needs. Contact Aladdin Scientific customer service for bulk inquiry.
• Documentation: CoA, SDS, and structural confirmation data (e.g., NMR or HPLC chromatogram) may be available upon request or downloadable from the product page.
• Shipping: The compound is shipped according to standard reagent protocols. Confirm any specific cold-chain requirements with customer service based on your region and storage recommendation on the label.

For questions about pricing, promotions, or volume discounts, contact Aladdin Scientific's sales team directly through the website or customer service channels.