Physicochemical Properties

2-Propoxyethanol (CAS 2807-30-9; IUPAC name: 2-propoxyethanol; synonyms: ethylene glycol monopropyl ether, propyl cellosolve) is a short-chain glycol ether with the molecular formula C₅H₁₂O₂ and a molecular weight of 104.15 g/mol. It presents as a clear, colorless, low-viscosity liquid at ambient temperature with a mild, characteristic ether-like odor.

The compound is fully miscible with water as well as with most common organic solvents including alcohols, ketones, esters, and aromatic hydrocarbons, making it an effective coupling or co-solvent in mixed-solvent systems. Its moderate boiling point (reported in the range of approximately 149–151 °C at atmospheric pressure) and relatively low vapor pressure confer a controlled evaporation profile that is advantageous in coating and cleaning applications where open-time management is important.

The hydroxyl (–OH) terminus provides hydrogen-bonding capability and water miscibility, while the propyl ether (–OC₃H₇) terminus imparts affinity for non-polar substrates, giving 2-Propoxyethanol its characteristic amphiphilic nature.

Applications in Research and Industry

Coatings and Inks: 2-Propoxyethanol is employed as a coalescing agent and flow-control solvent in waterborne and solvent-borne coatings, varnishes, and printing inks. Its slow-to-moderate evaporation rate helps prevent surface defects such as blushing and cratering, and it improves film formation at low temperatures.

Industrial and Precision Cleaning: The amphiphilic character of 2-Propoxyethanol makes it effective for removing both polar and non-polar soils, grease, and flux residues from metal, glass, and electronic substrates. It is often formulated into aqueous cleaning concentrates where it serves as both a surfactant booster and a co-solvent.

Chemical Synthesis: In the laboratory, 2-Propoxyethanol serves as a polar aprotic-like co-solvent in reactions requiring miscibility across a wide polarity range. It can also function as a starting material or intermediate in the synthesis of more complex ether or ester derivatives. Its hydroxyl group allows further functionalization, such as esterification or etherification.

Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Formulation: Glycol ethers of this type are used as solubilizers and humectants in topical formulations. However, researchers should verify regulatory acceptance for specific applications, as glycol ether toxicity profiles vary by compound.

Safety, Handling, and Storage

General Hazards: 2-Propoxyethanol is a combustible liquid and should be kept away from open flames, sparks, and hot surfaces. Adequate ventilation must be ensured when working with this compound in enclosed spaces. Refer to the current Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for comprehensive hazard classification, GHS pictograms, and emergency response guidance before use.

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Standard laboratory PPE is recommended: chemical-resistant gloves (e.g., nitrile or neoprene), safety goggles or face shield, and a lab coat. If aerosol or vapor generation is anticipated, use in a fume hood or with local exhaust ventilation and an appropriate organic-vapor respirator.

First Aid: In the event of skin or eye contact, flush immediately with copious water for at least 15 minutes and seek medical advice. If ingested or if significant vapor inhalation occurs, contact a poison control center or physician promptly.

Storage: Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and strong acids. Keep containers closed when not in use to minimize evaporation and moisture uptake. Typical storage temperature: ambient (15–25 °C).

Disposal: Dispose of 2-Propoxyethanol and contaminated materials in accordance with local, regional, and national regulations governing flammable and organic solvent waste.

Selecting the Right Grade for Your Application

When procuring 2-Propoxyethanol for research or formulation work, consider the following purity and quality criteria:

• Purity: For analytical reference, spectroscopic studies, or sensitive synthetic chemistry, a high-purity grade (≥98% or ≥99% by GC) is recommended to minimize interference from residual impurities. Aladdin Scientific's P777362 should be evaluated against the certificate of analysis (CoA) provided with each lot.
• Water content: Applications sensitive to moisture—such as certain organometallic reactions or moisture-cure coatings—may require a low-water-content specification. Verify Karl Fischer water content on the CoA.
• Lot-to-lot consistency: For reproducible formulation work, request batch-specific CoA data including GC purity, water content, refractive index, and density.
• Packaging: Choose container size appropriate to usage rate; minimize headspace exposure to prevent moisture ingress and maintain product quality over time.

Contact Aladdin Scientific technical support for custom purity requirements or bulk procurement inquiries.