Continuous injection of D-galactose to animals in a certain period of time increases the concentration of galactose in the cells of the organism, which is catalyzed by aldose reductase and reduced to galactitol, a substance that cannot be further metabolized by the cells but accumulates inside the cells, affecting the normal osmolality, leading to cellular swelling, dysfunction, metabolic disorders, destroying and depleting the body's antioxidant defense system, and causing the accumulation of free radicals.

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