Applications and Selection of Acrylic Resins in Coatings: Analysis of Architectural, Industrial, and Supporting Materials
Applications and Selection of Acrylic Resins in Coatings: Analysis of Architectural, Industrial, and Supporting Materials
1. Basic Logic for Selecting Acrylic Resins
Acrylic resins can be used in coatings for general decorative protection as well as for high-performance industrial topcoats. Performance differences among different systems can be significant, so they should not be judged simply by statements such as “pure acrylic is better than styrene-acrylic,” “waterborne is more environmentally friendly than solventborne,” or “two-component systems are always better than one-component systems.”
The selection of acrylic resins should start from the application requirements of the coating. The following five questions should be considered first:
1. What is the substrate?
Cement mortar, concrete, metal, plastic, wood, and aged coating films differ in their requirements for resin adhesion, wetting ability, and film formation.
2. What is the main function of the coating film?
Architectural coatings place greater emphasis on decoration, weather resistance, water resistance, alkali resistance, and dirt pickup resistance. Industrial topcoats focus more on adhesion, hardness, solvent resistance, chemical resistance, and long-term appearance retention.
3. What are the application and drying conditions?
Ambient self-drying, low-temperature application, baking cure, and two-component crosslinking all have a significant impact on resin selection.
4. What are the environmental and regulatory requirements?
Low VOC, low odor, APEO-free requirements, low coalescent demand, and the shift toward waterborne systems all affect resin form and formulation design. Waterborne acrylic emulsions and waterborne polyacrylate dispersions are among the important resin directions for low-VOC coatings.
5. How should cost and performance level be balanced?
Economical systems focus more on cost and basic performance, while high-performance systems place greater emphasis on weather resistance, chemical resistance, durability, and application stability.
2. Application Positioning of Common Acrylic Resin Systems
Different acrylic resin systems are suitable for different coating scenarios. The following table can be used as a preliminary selection reference.
Resin System | Main Characteristics | Suitable Applications | Main Limitations |
Vinyl acetate-acrylic emulsion | Low cost; suitable for general decoration | General interior latex paint | Limited water resistance, alkali resistance, and outdoor durability |
Styrene-acrylic emulsion | Moderate cost; good hardness and water resistance | Interior coatings, economical exterior coatings, primers, textured coatings | At the same formulation level, long-term weather resistance, yellowing resistance, and chalking resistance are usually weaker than those of high-performance pure acrylic systems |
Pure acrylic emulsion | Good weather resistance, gloss and color retention, and water resistance | Mid- to high-end exterior coatings and weather-resistant architectural coatings | Higher cost; low-temperature film formation and dirt pickup resistance need to be balanced |
Silicone-acrylic emulsion | Good water resistance, weather resistance, and dirt pickup resistance | High-weatherability exterior coatings, elastic coatings, waterproofing coatings | Higher requirements for cost control and formulation stability |
Thermoplastic solventborne acrylic | Fast drying, good transparency, convenient application | Fast-drying decorative coatings, plastic coatings, general industrial clearcoats | Higher VOC pressure; limited solvent and chemical resistance |
Hydroxyl acrylic resin | Can be crosslinked with isocyanates or amino resins | Industrial topcoats, automotive refinish coatings, clearcoats | Sensitive to curing agent, equivalent ratio, and application window |
Waterborne hydroxyl acrylic dispersion | Low VOC; suitable for waterborne 2K systems | Waterborne industrial topcoats, waterborne clearcoats | Sensitive to pH, co-solvents, curing-agent dispersion, and application conditions |
3. Selection of Acrylic Resins in Architectural Coatings
Architectural coatings are an important application area for acrylic resins. Their substrates are mostly cement mortar, concrete, putty layers, or aged coating films. The resin must meet requirements for film formation, adhesion, alkali resistance, water resistance, weather resistance, dirt pickup resistance, and application stability.
3.1 Interior Wall Coatings: Balancing Low Odor, Scrub Resistance, and Cost
Interior wall coatings are used indoors, where long-term exposure to ultraviolet light and rainwater is relatively weak. Therefore, outdoor weather resistance should not be treated as the primary selection criterion. Interior wall coatings place more emphasis on the following properties:
1. Low odor and low VOC.
2. Good application properties and leveling.
3. Scrub resistance and stain resistance.
4. Freeze-thaw stability and storage stability.
5. Reasonable cost.
Resin Type | Suitable Products | Selection Rationale |
Vinyl acetate-acrylic emulsion | Economical interior latex paint | Low cost; suitable for general decorative requirements |
Styrene-acrylic emulsion | Mid- to low-end interior coatings and scrub-resistant interior coatings | Good balance of hardness, water resistance, and cost |
Pure acrylic emulsion | High-end interior coatings and low-odor interior coatings | Good scrub resistance, color retention, and overall performance; low-odor performance still needs to be controlled through residual monomer, coalescent, and additive system design |
3.2 Exterior Wall Coatings: Weather Resistance, Water Resistance, and Dirt Pickup Resistance Are Key
Exterior wall coatings are exposed for long periods to ultraviolet light, rainwater, temperature fluctuations, alkaline substrates, and polluted environments. Therefore, resin selection should prioritize the following:
1. Resistance to UV aging.
2. Gloss and color retention.
3. Water and alkali resistance.
4. Chalking resistance and crack resistance.
5. Dirt pickup resistance and long-term appearance retention.
Resin Type | Suitable Products | Selection Rationale |
Styrene-acrylic emulsion | Economical exterior coatings | Lower cost; good hardness and water resistance |
Pure acrylic emulsion | Mid- to high-end exterior coatings | Good weather resistance, color retention, and water resistance |
Silicone-acrylic emulsion | High-weatherability and stain-resistant exterior coatings, and some elastic or waterproofing coatings | Stronger water resistance, weather resistance, and dirt pickup resistance |
Elastic acrylic emulsion | Elastic exterior coatings | Suitable for systems with higher crack-bridging requirements |
3.3 Architectural Primers: Sealing, Penetration, and Adhesion Come First
Architectural primers serve a different function from topcoats. A primer is not primarily intended to provide the final decorative effect; rather, it improves the condition of the substrate and provides a stable foundation for the topcoat.
The main functions of architectural primers include:
1. Sealing capillary pores in the substrate.
2. Reducing differences in substrate water absorption.
3. Improving topcoat adhesion.
4. Improving the surface strength of chalked or loose substrates.
5. Reducing the risk of efflorescence, color shading, and uneven topcoat film formation.
Primer Type | Key Resin Selection Points |
Sealing primer | Penetration, sealing ability, alkali resistance |
Alkali-resistant primer | Alkali resistance, barrier properties, adhesion |
Reinforcing primer | Low viscosity, moderate penetration, consolidation ability on chalked substrates |
Topcoats focus on appearance and weather resistance, while primers focus on substrate treatment, sealing, and adhesion. If the primer does not provide sufficient sealing, problems such as color shading, efflorescence, reduced adhesion, or uneven coating films may occur even if the topcoat resin has good performance.
3.4 Elastic Coatings and Waterproofing Coatings: Crack Resistance and Dirt Pickup Resistance Must Be Balanced
Elastic coatings and waterproofing coatings require the coating film to have high elongation, crack resistance, water resistance, and long-term flexibility. Such systems often use low-Tg acrylic emulsions, elastic acrylic emulsions, or silicone-acrylic modified emulsions.
Performance Requirement | Key Resin Selection Points |
Crack resistance | High elongation and low-temperature flexibility |
Waterproofing | Dense coating film and resistance to long-term water immersion |
Dirt pickup resistance | Surface hardness, resistance to dust adhesion, and resistance to pollutant adsorption |
Long-term durability | Retention of elasticity after UV aging and resistance to cracking |
There is a clear trade-off between elasticity and dirt pickup resistance. The softer the resin, the better the crack resistance usually is, but the surface is more likely to become tacky again and adsorb pollutants. Therefore, elastic coatings and waterproofing coatings often require a balance among flexibility, surface hardness, water resistance, and dirt pickup resistance.
4. Selection of Acrylic Resins in Industrial Metal Coatings
Industrial metal coatings generally place higher performance demands on resins than ordinary architectural coatings. In addition to appearance, they must also consider adhesion to metal, water resistance, compatibility with salt-spray-resistant systems, hardness, solvent resistance, oil resistance, chemical resistance, impact resistance, and application efficiency.
Acrylic resins used in industrial metal coatings generally fall into three main directions:
1. 1K waterborne acrylic industrial coatings.
2. 2K acrylic polyurethane topcoats.
3. Baking acrylic systems.
4.1 1K Waterborne Acrylic Industrial Coatings: Suitable for Light-to-Medium Protection and Decorative Protection
1K waterborne acrylic industrial coatings usually use waterborne acrylic emulsions or waterborne acrylic dispersions. Their main features are convenient application, relatively low VOC, and relatively fast drying. They are suitable for general industrial decorative protection and light-to-medium protective systems.
Suitable Scenario | Main Advantages | Main Limitations |
Machinery and equipment housings | Convenient application and good appearance | Limited chemical resistance |
Small hardware and light industrial products | Relatively fast drying and low VOC | Insufficient heavy-duty anticorrosion capability |
General steel-structure topcoats | Good balance of cost and application properties | Main anticorrosion function must rely on the primer |
Indoor metal parts | Good decorative properties and adhesion | Long-term outdoor durability requires further validation |
1K waterborne acrylic industrial coatings should not be used as the main functional layer for heavy-duty corrosion protection. Their protective performance depends heavily on resin film density, anticorrosive pigments, substrate preparation, and primer compatibility.
4.2 2K Acrylic Polyurethane Topcoats: An Important Option for High-Performance Industrial Topcoats
2K acrylic polyurethane topcoats are usually composed of hydroxyl acrylic resins and aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agents. This system combines the weather resistance, gloss retention, and color retention of acrylic resins with the hardness, chemical resistance, and mechanical properties provided by the polyurethane crosslinked structure. It is an important type of high-performance industrial topcoat.
Performance Requirement | Advantages of 2K Acrylic Polyurethane |
High gloss and fullness | Good leveling and strong decorative appearance |
Outdoor weather resistance | Good gloss and color retention |
Solvent and oil resistance | Crosslinked structure improves resistance to chemical media |
Hardness and abrasion resistance | High mechanical strength after curing |
Industrial applicability | Suitable for various metal topcoat and clearcoat systems |
2K acrylic polyurethane systems are suitable for the following applications:
1. Topcoats for construction machinery.
2. Topcoats for commercial vehicles and transportation equipment.
3. High-weatherability topcoats for steel structures.
4. Clearcoats for industrial equipment.
5. Automotive refinish clearcoats.
This system offers high performance, but pot life, curing-agent compatibility, humidity effects, and degree of cure must be controlled.
4.3 Waterborne 2K Acrylic Polyurethane: Combining Low VOC with High Performance
Waterborne 2K acrylic polyurethane usually combines waterborne hydroxyl polyacrylate dispersions with water-dispersible polyisocyanates. Waterborne 2K acrylic polyurethane is not simply a solventborne 2K system converted into a waterborne system. The formulation challenges lie in the compatibility among the resin, curing agent, co-solvent, leveling agent, defoamer, and thickener system in the aqueous phase.
Main Advantages | Main Challenges |
Relatively low VOC | High requirements for curing-agent dispersion and mixing uniformity |
Good weather resistance | Sensitive to application temperature and humidity |
Good chemical resistance | Pot life must be strictly controlled |
Suitable for high-performance waterborne industrial topcoats | High requirements for co-solvents, pH, and thickener systems |
4.4 Baking Acrylic Systems: Suitable for Stable Industrial Coating Lines
Baking acrylic systems are usually composed of hydroxyl acrylic resins and crosslinkers such as amino resins. They crosslink and cure at a certain temperature to form coating films with relatively high hardness and good chemical resistance.
Application Direction | Key Selection Points |
Metal baking topcoats | Leveling, hardness, solvent resistance, and weather resistance |
Appliance coatings | Hardness, detergent resistance, and appearance stability |
Coil coatings | Flexibility, processability, and weather resistance |
Industrial component coatings | Curing window, batch stability, and production efficiency |
Baking systems are suitable for continuous, highly standardized industrial coating lines. Resin selection should focus on matching baking temperature, baking time, crosslinker reactivity, and the final flexibility of the coating film.
5. Acrylic Resins in Automotive Refinish and Transportation Topcoats
Automotive refinish coatings, commercial vehicles, construction machinery, and rail transit topcoats usually require high appearance quality, high weather resistance, high gloss retention, strong chemical resistance, and good application properties. In these systems, acrylic resins are mainly used in basecoats, clearcoats, and high-performance topcoats.
5.1 Automotive Refinish Clearcoats
Automotive refinish clearcoats often use a 2K system composed of hydroxyl acrylic resin and an isocyanate curing agent to achieve high gloss, high fullness, good leveling, relatively fast drying, and good gasoline and chemical resistance. Automotive refinish systems should not focus only on final hardness; they should also consider pot life, leveling, drying speed, polishing window, and ease of repair.
Performance Requirement | Key Resin Selection Points |
High gloss | Resin transparency and leveling |
Fullness | Balance among solids content, viscosity, and solvent release |
Fast drying | Resin reactivity and curing-agent selection |
Polishability | Balance between early hardness and later-stage curing |
Gasoline and chemical resistance | Crosslinked structure and degree of cure |
5.2 Topcoats for Construction Machinery, Commercial Vehicles, and Rail Transit
These coatings are exposed outdoors for long periods and must withstand rainwater, ultraviolet light, oil contamination, cleaning agents, and mechanical abrasion. Acrylic polyurethane topcoats are commonly used in these scenarios. In such coating structures, acrylic resins usually provide the topcoat with weather resistance and appearance retention, while the primer or intermediate coat provides the main corrosion protection, filling, and intercoat adhesion functions.
Application Scenario | Main Requirements | Resin Direction |
Construction machinery | Weather resistance, oil resistance, impact resistance, color retention | Hydroxyl acrylic + aliphatic isocyanate |
Commercial vehicles | High gloss, car-wash resistance, chemical resistance | High-solids hydroxyl acrylic system |
Rail transit | Weather resistance, stain resistance, cleaning-agent resistance | High-weatherability acrylic polyurethane system |
Container topcoats | Weather resistance, compatibility with salt-spray-resistant systems, application efficiency | Waterborne or solventborne acrylic/acrylic-modified topcoat systems; must be validated together with the primer, intermediate coat, and anticorrosion system |
6. Applications in Wood, Plastic, and General Industrial Decorative Coatings
In addition to architectural coatings and industrial metal coatings, acrylic resins are also commonly used in wood coatings, plastic coatings, and general industrial decorative coatings.
6.1 Wood Coatings
Wood coatings require transparency, yellowing resistance, flexibility, water resistance, alcohol resistance, and abrasion resistance. Acrylic resins are suitable for low-yellowing clearcoats and waterborne wood coating systems. Stand-alone waterborne acrylic systems may be insufficient in abrasion resistance, alcohol resistance, and chemical resistance. Therefore, high-performance wood coatings often use acrylic/polyurethane hybrid or crosslinked systems.
Resin Direction | Main Characteristics |
Waterborne acrylic emulsion | Low odor, good transparency, and good yellowing resistance |
Waterborne acrylic dispersion | Good leveling and transparency |
Acrylic/polyurethane hybrid system | Better abrasion resistance, chemical resistance, and flexibility |
6.2 Plastic Coatings
Plastic coatings require the resin to provide good wetting and adhesion to plastic substrates, while avoiding obvious substrate attack, cracking, or stress damage. Thermoplastic acrylic resins are commonly used in fast-drying plastic clearcoats and decorative coatings. If higher solvent resistance, abrasion resistance, or chemical resistance is required, crosslinkable acrylic systems may be considered.
Substrate Type | Selection Focus |
ABS | Adhesion, leveling, and alcohol resistance |
PC | Avoiding solvent-induced stress cracking |
PMMA | Transparency, weather resistance, and compatibility |
PP/PE | Usually requires surface treatment or an adhesion-promoting system |
6.3 General Industrial Decorative Coatings
General industrial decorative coatings include coatings for small hardware, instrument housings, light industrial products, office furniture, and external parts of electromechanical equipment. These coatings usually require fast drying, good appearance, convenient application, and moderate cost. If the coating film only provides general decorative protection, a thermoplastic acrylic system may be selected. If alcohol resistance, cleaning-agent resistance, high hardness, or high abrasion resistance is required, a crosslinkable acrylic system should be selected.
Performance Requirement | Resin Direction |
Fast drying and decorative appearance | Thermoplastic acrylic resin |
Low VOC | Waterborne acrylic emulsion or dispersion |
Solvent resistance and high hardness | Hydroxyl acrylic crosslinked system |
7. Compatibility and Supporting Relationships Between Acrylic Resins and Other Resins
In practical coating applications, it is rare for a single resin to provide all required functions. Acrylic resins are often combined with epoxy, polyurethane, polyester, alkyd, and other resins to form primer/topcoat systems or hybrid systems.
Resin Type | Main Advantages | Main Limitations | Relationship with Acrylic Resins |
Epoxy resin | Good adhesion, corrosion protection, and chemical resistance | Relatively weak outdoor weather resistance and color retention | Commonly used in primers, while acrylic resins are used in weather-resistant topcoats |
Polyurethane resin | Good abrasion resistance, flexibility, and chemical resistance | Higher cost and sensitivity to application conditions | Hydroxyl acrylic resins are often combined with isocyanates to form acrylic polyurethane systems |
Alkyd resin | Advantages in wetting, application properties, and cost | Limitations in drying, yellowing resistance, and weather resistance | Acrylic resins can improve fast-drying performance and weather resistance |
Polyester resin | Good hardness, fullness, and processability | Weather resistance depends on resin structure | Can be used together with acrylic resins in baking and industrial systems |
The advantages of acrylic resins are mainly concentrated in weather resistance, gloss and color retention, transparency, and appearance retention. Epoxy resins are more suitable for anticorrosive primer layers, polyurethane systems are more suitable for abrasion resistance and high-performance crosslinking, and polyester resins are suitable for baking and processing systems. A rationally designed supporting system is more reliable than relying on a single resin to provide all functions.
8. Common Misconceptions in Acrylic Resin Selection
8.1 Actual Performance Cannot Be Judged Only by Resin Name
Names such as “pure acrylic,” “styrene-acrylic,” “silicone-acrylic,” and “hydroxyl acrylic” only indicate the basic resin type and do not directly represent the final coating-film performance. The actual performance of a resin also depends on solids content, particle size, glass transition temperature, acid value, hydroxyl value, functional group content, film-forming ability, crosslinking mechanism, production process, and other factors. Even within the same resin category, different products may show clear differences in water resistance, weather resistance, adhesion, hardness, flexibility, and application stability.
8.2 Interior Wall Coatings Should Not Simply Follow the Resin Selection Logic of Exterior Wall Coatings
Interior wall coatings should place more emphasis on low odor, low VOC, scrub resistance, application properties, and cost. Excessive pursuit of highly weather-resistant resins may increase cost without necessarily improving the core user experience.
8.3 Exterior Wall Coatings Should Not Be Selected Based Only on Resin Cost
Exterior wall coatings are exposed for long periods to ultraviolet light, rainwater, temperature fluctuations, alkaline substrates, and pollutants. If the resin lacks sufficient weather resistance, water resistance, alkali resistance, and film-forming durability, the coating film may easily suffer from gloss loss, chalking, fading, cracking, efflorescence, or increased dirt pickup. Exterior coating systems should first meet the target service life and durability requirements before cost optimization is considered.
8.4 Waterborne Industrial Coatings Should Not Be Judged Only by Surface-Drying Speed
Fast surface drying of waterborne acrylic industrial coatings does not mean that the coating film has fully formed and developed water resistance. If early-stage film formation is insufficient, whitening, softening, reduced adhesion, or corrosion risk may occur.
8.5 2K Systems Should Not Only Pursue High Hardness
2K acrylic polyurethane systems can improve hardness and chemical resistance, but excessive crosslinking may reduce flexibility, weaken impact resistance, or shorten pot life. High-performance topcoats should consider hardness, flexibility, chemical resistance, and the application window at the same time.
8.6 The Functional Differences Between Primers and Topcoats Should Not Be Ignored
Primers focus on sealing, penetration, adhesion, and corrosion protection, while topcoats focus on weather resistance, appearance, gloss and color retention, and stain resistance. Primers and topcoats should not be selected using the same logic.
9. Resin Selection Recommendations for Different Application Scenarios
Application Scenario | Priority Properties | Recommended Resin Direction | Key Considerations |
General interior wall coatings | Low odor, scrub resistance, cost | Vinyl acetate-acrylic, styrene-acrylic, or pure acrylic emulsion | Odor, application properties, freeze-thaw stability |
High-end interior wall coatings | Scrub resistance, low VOC, stain resistance | Pure acrylic or modified acrylic emulsion | Balance between low odor and stain resistance |
Economical exterior wall coatings | Basic weather resistance, water resistance, cost | Styrene-acrylic or modified styrene-acrylic emulsion | Risk of long-term chalking and fading |
Mid- to high-end exterior wall coatings | Weather resistance, water resistance, color retention | Pure acrylic emulsion | Alkali resistance, dirt pickup resistance, and film formation |
High-weatherability and stain-resistant exterior wall coatings | Water resistance, stain resistance, long-term appearance retention | Silicone-acrylic emulsion | Cost and formulation stability |
Elastic exterior wall coatings | Crack resistance, flexibility, water resistance | Elastic acrylic or silicone-acrylic elastic emulsion | Return tack and dirt pickup |
Architectural primers | Sealing, penetration, adhesion | Small-particle-size pure acrylic or styrene-acrylic emulsion | Alkali resistance and substrate adaptability |
1K waterborne industrial coatings | Fast drying, adhesion, light-duty protection | Waterborne acrylic emulsion or dispersion | Early water resistance and compatibility with anticorrosive pigments |
2K industrial topcoats | Weather resistance, chemical resistance, appearance | Hydroxyl acrylic + aliphatic isocyanate | Pot life, humidity, and degree of cure |
Baking metal coatings | Hardness, leveling, chemical resistance | Hydroxyl acrylic + amino resin | Baking temperature and flexibility |
Automotive refinish clearcoats | High gloss, fullness, fast drying | High-solids hydroxyl acrylic | Polishability and application window |
Wood clearcoats | Transparency, yellowing resistance, abrasion resistance | Waterborne acrylic or acrylic/PU hybrid system | Alcohol resistance, water resistance, and anti-blocking/return-tack resistance |
Plastic coatings | Adhesion, transparency, fast drying | Thermoplastic acrylic or hydroxyl acrylic | Substrate attack, stress cracking, and surface treatment |
10. Representative Chemicals Related to Acrylic Resin Coating Formulations（Tables 1–4）
Note: The following products are representative chemicals for acrylic resin coating formulation development, lab-scale evaluation, and mechanism research. They are not direct recommendations for production-scale formulations. Actual applications should be validated according to coating-grade specifications, SDS requirements, regulatory requirements, system compatibility, and application conditions.
Table 1: Curing Agents, Crosslinkers, and Reactive Supporting Resins
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Name | Specification or Purity | Product Features and Applications |
Polyisocyanate curing agent | 28182-81-2 | Poly(hexamethylene diisocyanate) (PolyHDI) | Viscosity 900–1500 cP at 25 °C | Used for two-component curing of hydroxyl acrylic resins, acrylic polyurethane topcoats, clearcoats, and research on chemically resistant coating films | |
Isocyanate curing-agent raw material | 822-06-0 | Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) | Moligand™, ≥99% | Used to prepare aliphatic polyisocyanate curing agents; applied in hydroxyl acrylic resin crosslinking and polyurethane coating-film reaction studies | |
Epoxy supporting resin | 1675-54-3 | Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE) | Moligand™, ≥85% | Used for epoxy modification, reactions with carboxyl acrylic resins, acrylic/epoxy hybrid coatings, and protective coating-film research | |
Crosslinker for waterborne self-crosslinking systems | 1071-93-8 | Adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) | ≥99% (HPLC) | Used in self-crosslinking systems of carbonyl-containing acrylic emulsions; involved in experiments on water resistance, solvent resistance, and low-temperature crosslinked coating films | |
Alicyclic isocyanate curing-agent raw material | 4098-71-9 | Isophorone Diisocyanate, mixture of isomers (IPDI) | ≥99% | Used to prepare weather-resistant polyurethane curing agents and waterborne polyurethane dispersions; applied in hydroxyl acrylic resin crosslinking research | |
HMMM-type amino crosslinker / aminoplast resin model crosslinker | 3089-11-0 | 2,4,6-Tris[bis(methoxymethyl)amino]-1,3,5-triazine | ≥98% (HPLC) | Used in baking-cure research for hydroxyl acrylic resins and can serve as a representative HMMM-type amino crosslinker; in industrial formulations, commercial amino resins, acid catalysts, and baking windows must be jointly validated | |
Alicyclic isocyanate curing-agent raw material | 5124-30-1 | Dicyclohexylmethane 4,4'-Diisocyanate, mixture of isomers (HMDI) | ≥90% (GC) | Used in alicyclic polyurethane curing agents, waterborne polyurethane modification, and hydroxyl acrylic resin crosslinked coating-film research | |
Aziridine crosslinker | 64265-57-2 | Trimethylolpropane tris(2-methyl-1-aziridinepropionate) | ≥90% | Used in crosslinking research of carboxyl acrylic emulsions and waterborne acrylic dispersions to improve coating-film water resistance, alcohol resistance, and abrasion resistance; use strictly according to SDS and regulatory requirements, with attention to sensitization, free aziridine, and occupational exposure risks | |
Carbodiimide crosslinker | — | A298739 | Polymerized carbodiimide | Viscosity at 23 °C: 800–5000 mPa·s | Mainly used in polyester-type polyurethane, polyester polyol, or related resin systems for hydrolysis resistance, acid value control, and durability research; when used in carboxyl acrylic waterborne systems, water dispersibility, applicable pH range, and system compatibility must be confirmed |
Carbodiimide functional additive | — | Polymerized carbodiimide Anti-hydrolysis agent | Viscosity at 23 °C: 1000–6000 mPa·s; density at 25 °C: 1.15 g/cm³ | Used in polyester-type polyurethane, polyester polyol, and related hybrid resin systems for hydrolysis resistance, wet-heat resistance, and durability research; when used in waterborne acrylic or acrylic polyurethane systems, compatibility and stability must be validated | |
Acid-resistant carbodiimide crosslinker | — | A298740 | Polymerized carbodiimide, acid-resistant type | Viscosity at 23 °C: 1000–6000 mPa·s | Used for crosslinking or hydrolysis-resistance research in acidic or carboxyl-containing resin systems; when used in waterborne acrylic systems, dispersibility, applicable pH range, storage stability, and coating-film performance must be confirmed |
Table 2: Neutralizers, Dispersants, Thickeners, and Functional Polymers for Waterborne Systems
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Name | Specification or Purity | Product Features and Applications |
Polycarboxylic acid dispersing/rheology-modifying polymer | 9003-01-4 | Poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) | Viscosity ≤2000 cP at 25 °C | Used in waterborne acrylic coatings for pigment and filler dispersion, polycarboxylate dispersant models, pH-responsive rheology, and carboxyl polymer research | |
Polycarboxylate dispersant | 9003-04-7 | Poly(acrylic acid, sodium salt) solution (PAAS) | Average Mw ~8000; 45% in H₂O | Used in waterborne acrylic coatings for pigment and filler dispersion, slurry stabilization, and dispersion experiments with titanium dioxide and inorganic fillers | |
Organic amine neutralizer | 108-01-0 | N,N-Dimethylethanolamine | Distilled grade, ≥99.5% | Used for neutralization of carboxyl acrylic resins, preparation of waterborne acrylic dispersions, pH adjustment, and water-reducible resin experiments | |
Organic amine neutralizer | 124-68-5 | 2-Amino-2-methyl-1-propanol | BioReagent, ≥95% | Used in waterborne acrylic coatings for pH adjustment, carboxyl resin neutralization, pigment dispersion, and emulsion system stability research | |
Cellulose thickener | 9004-62-0 | 2-Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) | Average Mw ~380,000 | Used in waterborne acrylic latex paints for thickening, application-viscosity adjustment, sag resistance, and storage stability research | |
Inorganic base / neutralizer | 1336-21-6 | A112077 | Ammonia solution | Premium-grade reagent, 25–28% | Used for neutralization of carboxyl acrylic resins, pH adjustment of waterborne acrylic dispersions, volatile alkalization treatment, and waterborne resin salt-formation experiments |
Crosslinked acrylic salt absorbent polymer | — | A758764 | Acrylic acid/Sodium acrylate copolymer, cross-linked | — | Used in research on swelling, water absorption, gel networks, and waterborne system rheology of crosslinked acrylate polymers |
Amine-functional acrylic polymer | — | Aminoethylated Acrylic Polymer | 55.0–57.0 wt%; 20,000–40,000 mPa·s at 25 °C; MW: 10,000–30,000 | Used in research on amine-functional acrylic polymers, cationic interfacial interactions, dispersion stability, and waterborne functional coatings |
Table 3: Solvents, Co-solvents, and Coalescing Agents
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Name | Specification or Purity | Product Features and Applications |
Aromatic solvent | 1330-20-7 | Xylene | Premium-grade reagent, ≥99%, xylene isomers and ethylbenzene | Used for dissolving solventborne acrylic resins, viscosity adjustment, spray application properties, and solvent-release behavior research | |
Ester solvent | 123-86-4 | Butyl acetate | Anhydrous grade, ≥99% | Used for leveling and drying adjustment in solventborne hydroxyl acrylic resins, acrylic polyurethane topcoats, and clearcoat systems | |
Ester ether solvent | 108-65-6 | P1522454 | Propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PMA) | Electronic grade, UPS, ≥99.5% | Used for acrylic resin dissolution, leveling, evaporation-rate adjustment, and research on solvent systems for industrial coatings |
Glycol ether co-solvent | 111-76-2 | Ethylene glycol butyl ether (EB) | Standard for GC, ≥99.5% (GC) | Used in waterborne acrylic coatings for co-solvency, film formation, leveling, and open-time adjustment experiments | |
Coalescing agent | 25265-77-4 | 2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol 1-monoisobutyrate | ≥99% | Used for film formation of waterborne acrylic emulsions, lowering the minimum film-forming temperature, and improving coating-film continuity and early-stage performance | |
Glycol ether co-solvent | 34590-94-8 | Di(propylene glycol) methyl ether, mixture of isomers | ≥98% | Used in waterborne acrylic coatings for co-solvency, leveling, film-formation window adjustment, and application-property research |
Table 4: Pigments, Fillers, and Anticorrosive Functional Materials
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Name | Specification or Purity | Product Features and Applications |
Inorganic filler | 471-34-1 | Calcium carbonate | Anhydrous grade, ACS, ≥99% | Used in acrylic latex paints and architectural coatings for filling, cost adjustment, hiding-system design, and pigment/filler dispersion research | |
High-density inorganic filler | 7727-43-7 | Barium sulfate | PrimorTrace™, ≥99.99% metals basis | Used in acrylic industrial coatings and topcoat systems to improve filling properties, chemical resistance, gloss control, and coating-film density | |
Inorganic pigment | 1309-37-1 | F108317 | Ferric sesquioxide | AR, ≥99% | Used in acrylic architectural coatings, industrial primers/topcoats, and protective coatings for coloration, hiding power, and weather-resistant color research |
Anticorrosive pigment | 7779-90-0 | Zinc phosphate hydrate | AR, ≥99% | Used in waterborne acrylic industrial coatings and metal protective coatings to improve corrosion protection, compatibility with salt-spray-resistant systems, and metal-interface protection | |
Lamellar filler | 14807-96-6 | T109494 | Talc | 800 mesh | Used in acrylic coatings for filling, sag resistance, sandability, barrier properties, and adjustment of coating-film mechanical performance |
White pigment | 13463-67-7 | Titanium(IV) oxide | ≥99% | Used in acrylic latex paints and industrial topcoats for whiteness, hiding power, tinting strength, and weather-resistant appearance research |
Note: The above are representative Aladdin products. More product specifications can be searched on the Aladdin official website by product name, CAS number, or catalog number.
References
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[3] Allnex. Solventborne Acrylic Resins for Industrial Applications. 2026.
[4] Covestro. Bayhydrol® Waterborne Polyacrylic and Polyurethane Dispersions. 2026.
[5] PCI Magazine. Selecting the Right Resin for Your Coating. 2022.
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