NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): COX Mechanism, Risk Quick Reference, and Research Selection Guide — with an Aladdin Product List
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): COX Mechanism, Risk Quick Reference, and Research Selection Guide — with an Aladdin Product List
What are NSAIDs, and why are they called “nonsteroidal”?
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, NSAIDs) are a large and structurally diverse class of analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory agents. The term “nonsteroidal” is used to distinguish them from glucocorticoids (steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs): they do not share a steroid scaffold and, in most cases, their common pharmacological feature is inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX). “Nonsteroidal” emphasizes the absence of a steroid nucleus in structure; pharmacologically, most NSAIDs act primarily by inhibiting COX and reducing mediators such as prostaglandins.
NSAIDs are best at managing:
1. Inflammation-associated pain and swelling (e.g., musculoskeletal inflammation, arthritis-related pain, sprains/strains)
2. In some situations, they are also used for fever reduction and as adjuncts for postoperative/acute pain control (depending on the specific agent and dose)
Typical situations where NSAIDs are less effective:
3. Neuropathic pain (e.g., postherpetic neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy) usually relies on “adjuvant analgesics” such as antiepileptics and antidepressants; NSAIDs are often adjunctive or have limited benefit.
Mechanism of action: COX inhibition and reduced prostanoid mediators
The shared core mechanism of NSAIDs is inhibition of cyclooxygenase (Cyclooxygenase, COX), thereby reducing prostanoids derived from arachidonic acid metabolism (e.g., PGE₂, PGI₂, TXA₂, etc.).
COX-1 vs COX-2: a key framework for efficacy and adverse effects
1. COX-1: constitutively expressed in many tissues and associated with:
- gastric mucosal protection
- renal blood flow and salt–water homeostasis
- platelet thromboxane (TXA₂) generation and physiological hemostasis
2. COX-2: often inducible under inflammatory stimulation (with some physiological expression as well), and more closely related to:
- inflammatory mediator generation
- pain sensitization
Important notes:
- Do not treat “LOX inhibition / leukotriene reduction” as the main mechanism of NSAIDs. Traditional NSAIDs primarily act on the COX pathway; the “leukotriene pathway” belongs to another metabolic route. (In some adverse reactions—e.g., NSAID-exacerbated asthma/nasal polyp–associated reactions—the leukotriene pathway is an important side-pathway contributing to reactions rather than the therapeutic main mechanism.)
- Do not assume that “pro-inflammatory prostaglandins can only be synthesized by COX-2.” Both COX-1 and COX-2 generate prostaglandins; under inflammatory conditions, COX-2 usually contributes more prominently.
NSAID Classification Overview (COX Selectivity × Chemical Scaffold)
Chemical scaffold (structural class) | Non-selective COX inhibitors (mainstream) | Preferential COX-2 inhibition | Selective COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) | Selection notes |
Salicylates | Aspirin*, salicylates | — | — | *Aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet COX-1 and is often listed separately in research/teaching |
Arylpropionic acids | Ibuprofen, (S)-naproxen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen | — | — | A classic “non-selective NSAID family,” widely used for mechanism work, controls, and within-class substitution |
Acetic acids & derivatives | Diclofenac (incl. sodium/potassium salts), indomethacin, tolmetin, ketorolac, sulindac, aceclofenac, acemetacin | Etodolac (often described as COX-2–preferential) | — | Many salts/prodrugs/derivatives; useful for “salt-form differences, metabolic activation, strong analgesia” topics |
Oxicams (enolic acids) | Piroxicam, tenoxicam, lornoxicam | Meloxicam (COX-2–preferential) | — | Differences in half-life and tolerability are often discussed in “chronic inflammation/long-term use” contexts (risk still needs evaluation) |
Fenamates | Mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid | — | — | Often discussed for non-COX effects; experimentally, add “structurally distinct NSAID confirmation” when possible |
Pyrazolidinediones | Phenylbutazone (mostly historical/research control) | — | — | Limited modern clinical use, but still appears in mechanism/historical comparisons |
Non-acidic prodrug type | — | — | — | Nabumetone (prodrug-type; often listed separately) |
Coxibs | — | — | Celecoxib, etoricoxib (historical controls: rofecoxib, valdecoxib) | GI risk is often lower, but pay closer attention to CV risk and sodium/water retention; when using historical coxibs in research, note the background; rofecoxib (Vioxx) was withdrawn on 2004-09-30 due to increased cardiovascular risk |
Other/special scaffolds | — | Nimesulide (often described as relatively COX-2–preferential) | — | Regulatory/risk discussions vary by region; when used as a control, interpret alongside other COX-2 controls; the EMA has emphasized short-term use (maximum 15 days) to reduce hepatotoxicity risk |
Note:
COX selectivity is a relative concept and depends on assay systems and dose. This table is for science communication and selection logic, not a strict quantitative ranking.
Quick Reference: Representative Compounds and Common Selection Scenarios
Selection scenario | Representative compounds | Why commonly used / what they control for | Practical selection tips |
Classic COX-pathway controls | Aspirin | Irreversibly inhibits platelet COX-1; clarifies the special case of “antiplatelet vs analgesic/anti-inflammatory” | Do not generalize aspirin as a “typical NSAID” to all agents; platelet-related conclusions should be handled separately |
| Ibuprofen / naproxen / diclofenac | Cover common non-selective NSAID profiles; frequently used as analgesic/anti-inflammatory/antipyretic controls | Different physicochemical properties and risk profiles—avoid using one as a proxy for all |
| Indomethacin | Classic “high-potency” COX inhibitor control; common in mechanism/model studies | Watch solubility, cytotoxicity, and off-target windows in experiments |
COX-2–selective controls | Celecoxib / etoricoxib | Representative COX-2–selective agents; useful for comparing GI risk patterns and platelet effects (often less platelet impact) | Still monitor CV risk and sodium/water-retention–related phenotypes |
| Rofecoxib / valdecoxib (historical coxibs) | Still meaningful for research controls/mechanistic discussion of “COX-2 selectivity and risk” | In clinical/market contexts, note historical safety background; use compliant wording in research communications |
Formulation/property-driven studies | Diclofenac sodium/potassium | Salt form affects solubility, dissolution, and formulation behavior; good for “salt-form comparison” | Different salts of the same parent may change exposure/release and apparent effects |
| Topical applications (e.g., diclofenac topical) | Illustrates “local delivery to reduce systemic exposure”; suitable for local models/transdermal research | Findings from topical/local and systemic dosing are not directly interchangeable |
| Prodrug/metabolic-activation type: sulindac, nabumetone, loxoprofen sodium (regional mainstream) | Useful for PK/metabolic pathway and exposure–effect relationship work | Whether an in vitro model can “activate” the compound to an active metabolite is a key prerequisite |
More “tool compound” attributes | Fenamates: flufenamic acid (etc.) | Beyond NSAIDs, used in some studies involving signaling pathways/ion channels | Be especially cautious of non-COX off-target effects; include “structurally distinct NSAID confirmation” where possible |
NSAID Adverse Effects and Mechanistic Clues — High-Risk Conditions Quick Reference
Risk type | Mechanistic clue (why it happens) | Typical manifestations (mild → severe) | High-risk conditions / populations requiring extra attention |
Gastrointestinal (GI) | COX-1 inhibition → reduced protective prostaglandins in gastric mucosa | dyspepsia/heartburn/epigastric pain → ulcer → bleeding/perforation | older age, ulcer/bleeding history, long-term or high-dose use, concomitant anticoagulants/antiplatelets/glucocorticoids, etc. |
Renal & fluid retention | Prostaglandins contribute to renal blood flow and salt–water balance; inhibition may impair perfusion/drive retention | edema, elevated blood pressure, renal function fluctuation/acute kidney injury | dehydration, underlying kidney disease, older adults, concomitant diuretic + ACEI/ARB (“triple whammy” risk) |
Cardiovascular (CV) | Altered prostacyclin/thromboxane balance + BP elevation/sodium–water retention and other integrated factors | increased risk of MI/stroke/thrombosis (overall increases with dose and duration) | prior CV disease or high-risk individuals; COX-2–selective inhibitors require more cautious assessment |
Hypersensitivity/respiratory reactions | Individual susceptibility; some individuals are sensitive to NSAID-triggered reactions; often linked to sensitivity to COX-1 inhibition and may involve inflammatory amplification with arachidonic acid metabolism “shifting” toward leukotrienes | rash, asthma exacerbation, wheezing, etc. | asthma/nasal polyps–associated populations; prior NSAID allergy history |
Research selection reminder | Adverse-effect mechanisms suggest phenotypes may arise from “loss of physiological prostaglandin functions,” not necessarily from “simple anti-inflammation” alone | — | In cell/animal studies, also consider DMSO controls, salt forms/prodrug activation, dosing windows, and off-target effects |
Aladdin NSAID (and Related Analgesic) List
This list organizes common and important NSAIDs (and related analgesics) by chemical class, and also summarizes dosage forms/delivery formats and recommended application keywords to help quickly match experimental needs and use scenarios.
1. Five common research-facing delivery formats covered:
- Solid (for preparing stock solutions, method development, controls, and quality studies);
- DMSO pre-dissolved solution (e.g., 10 mM in DMSO; convenient for cell assays and screening, improves dosing efficiency, suitable for high-throughput and rapid validation);
- Aqueous pre-dissolved solution (e.g., 10 mM in Water; suitable for DMSO-sensitive systems or aqueous applications);
- Acetonitrile standard solution (e.g., 100 μg/mL in Acetonitrile; for LC/LC-MS quantitation, method development, and QC controls; ready to use);
- GMP grade (for studies and benchmarking under higher compliance/quality contexts).
2. Rapid alignment of compounds with typical research scenarios:
- COX-2 selectivity (coxibs and related controls), perioperative analgesia/strong analgesic controls (e.g., ketorolac, parecoxib), topical hot spots (diclofenac-related), salt-form/dissolution and formulation research (sodium vs potassium salts), standard solutions/method development (acetonitrile standards), analytical standards/high-purity controls (≥99% or analytical standard grade), and specific tags such as plant cell culture.
Product Table
Category | CAS No. | Aladdin Cat. No. | Name | Specification / Purity | Key features & notes (selection reference) |
Salicylates | 50-78-2 | Acetylsalicylic acid | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Classic NSAID; non-selective COX inhibition; aspirin irreversibly inhibits platelet COX-1; common control/mechanism studies; 10 mM DMSO is convenient for cell experiments. | |
Salicylates | 50-78-2 | Acetylsalicylic acid | Moligand™, for plant cell culture, ≥99% | Same as above; high purity and labeled for plant cell culture use. | |
Salicylates | 50-78-2 | Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) | Moligand™, ≥99% | Same as above; high-purity solid suitable for standards/method development/controls. | |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | Sodium salicylate | Suitable for analysis, premium grade | Salicylate salt form; commonly used for analysis/controls; salt form is more water-friendly in aqueous systems. | |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | S104177 | Sodium salicylate | Chemical pure (CP), ≥99.5% | Common for analysis/solution preparation; high content suitable for routine experiments and preparation. |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | Sodium salicylate | ≥99% | General research reagent grade; suitable for preparing standards or adding to assay systems. | |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | Sodium salicylate | AR, ≥99.5% (NT) | Analytical reagent grade; suitable for stricter analysis/method validation. | |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | Sodium salicylate | PharmPure™, USP | USP grade is more suitable for quality studies, method confirmation, and pharmacopeia/regulatory benchmarking. | |
Salicylates | 54-21-7 | Sodium salicylate | 10 mM in DMSO | Pre-dissolved solution for convenient, rapid use in cell/screening experiments. | |
Propionic acids | 22204-53-1 | (S)-(+)-2-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid | Moligand™, ≥99% | (S)-Naproxen; propionic-acid NSAID; non-selective COX inhibition; high purity for controls/method work. | |
Propionic acids | 22204-53-1 | (S)-(+)-2-(6-Methoxy-2-naphthyl)propionic acid | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; 10 mM DMSO facilitates cell screening/pharmacology experiments. | |
Propionic acids (salt form) | 26159-34-2 | Naproxen Sodium | 10 mM in DMSO | Naproxen sodium; salt form often used in formulation/dissolution studies; DMSO pre-dissolved format is convenient for cell experiments. | |
Propionic acids (salt form) | 26159-34-2 | Naproxen sodium | ≥98% | Same as above; solid reagent grade for standards/method development/controls. | |
Propionic acids | 15687-27-1 | Ibuprofen | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Mainstream OTC NSAID; non-selective COX inhibition; common analgesic/antipyretic/anti-inflammatory control; pre-dissolved for convenient screening. | |
Propionic acids | 15687-27-1 | Ibuprofen | Moligand™, ≥98% (GC) | Solid with GC purity metric; suitable for analysis/method development/controls. | |
Propionic acids | 22071-15-4 | Ketoprofen solution in acetonitrile | Moligand™, 100 μg/mL in Acetonitrile | Ketoprofen acetonitrile standard solution; suitable for LC/GC analysis, method development, and quantitative controls. | |
Propionic acids | 22071-15-4 | Ketoprofen | Moligand™, ≥98% (HPLC) | CAS corresponds to ketoprofen; commonly used as a propionic-acid NSAID control; high-purity solid for method work/controls. | |
Propionic acids | 22071-15-4 | Ketoprofen | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for convenient cell/high-throughput screening. | |
Propionic acids | 5104-49-4 | Flurbiprofen | Moligand™, ≥98% (HPLC) | Propionic-acid NSAID; commonly used analgesic/anti-inflammatory control; HPLC purity suitable for analysis and controls. | |
Propionic acids | 5104-49-4 | Flurbiprofen | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; 10 mM DMSO for cell experiments/screening. | |
Propionic acids (prodrug / regional mainstream) | 80382-23-6 | Loxoprofen sodium | ≥98% | Common NSAID in East Asian markets (prodrug/metabolic activation features); salt form; suitable as a regional mainstream control and for product promotion. | |
Propionic acids (prodrug / regional mainstream) | 80382-23-6 | Loxoprofen sodium | 10 mM in Water | Aqueous pre-dissolved format; suitable for aqueous systems/cell experiments; reduces DMSO introduction. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 15307-86-5 | 2-(2,6-Dichloroanilino)phenylacetic acid | Moligand™, ≥98% | Diclofenac (free acid); relatively strong analgesic/anti-inflammatory agent; common control/analyte; use careful science-communication boundaries for GI/CV risk. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 15307-86-5 | 2-(2,6-Dichloroanilino)phenylacetic acid | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for convenient cell experiments/screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (standard solution) | 15307-86-5 | Diclofenac solution in acetonitrile | Moligand™, 100 μg/mL in Acetonitrile | Diclofenac acetonitrile standard solution; suitable for LC quantitation, method development, and environmental/PK sample comparison. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 15307-79-6 | Diclofenac sodium | ≥99% | Common salt form; often used in solubility/formulation-related research; high purity for controls/method work. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 15307-79-6 | Diclofenac sodium | 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for cell/screening use. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 15307-81-0 | Diclofenac Potassium | 10 mM in DMSO | Diclofenac potassium; salt form often discussed for onset/dissolution; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 15307-81-0 | Diclofenac potassium | ≥99% | Same as above; high-purity solid for method development/controls. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (indoleacetic acids) | 53-86-1 | Indomethacin | - | Indomethacin; classic potent NSAID control; GMP grade for stricter quality contexts. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (indoleacetic acids) | 53-86-1 | Indomethacin | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Pre-dissolved indomethacin; commonly used in inflammation/pain mechanism control studies. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (indoleacetic acids) | 53-86-1 | Indomethacin (NSC-77541) | Moligand™, ≥99% | Same as above; high-purity solid suitable for standards and controls. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 41340-25-4 | Etodolac | Moligand™, ≥98% | Etodolac; COX inhibitor (often described as relatively COX-2–preferential but not a coxib); analgesic/anti-inflammatory control. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 41340-25-4 | Etodolac | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for convenient cell experiments/screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 26171-23-3 | Tolmetin | Moligand™, ≥95% | Tolmetin; acetic-acid NSAID; usable as research control and for method development. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives | 26171-23-3 | Tolmetin | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (prodrug/derivative) | 53164-05-9 | Acemetacin | ≥98% | Acemetacin (indomethacin-related derivative/prodrug concept); used for comparative studies and SAR discussions. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (prodrug/derivative) | 53164-05-9 | Acemetacin | 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (phenylacetic derivative) | 89796-99-6 | Aceclofenac | ≥98% (HPLC) | Aceclofenac; structurally related to diclofenac; analgesic/anti-inflammatory; HPLC purity suits controls/method work. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (phenylacetic derivative) | 89796-99-6 | Aceclofenac | 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for cell/screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (strong-analgesia oriented) | 74103-06-3 | Ketorolac | Moligand™, ≥98% | Ketorolac; representative NSAID with strong analgesic profile; common in perioperative/acute pain models; note boundaries when communicating renal/GI risk. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (strong-analgesia oriented) | 74103-06-3 | Ketorolac | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening/cell assays. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 74103-07-4 | Ketorolac tromethamine | ≥99% | Common salt form; used in solubility/formulation studies; high purity for controls. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (salt form) | 74103-07-4 | Ketorolac tromethamine | 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (prodrug/metabolic activation) | 38194-50-2 | Sulindac | Moligand™, ≥98% | Sulindac; prodrug/metabolic activation features; used as analgesic/anti-inflammatory control and in some signaling studies. | |
Acetic acids & derivatives (prodrug/metabolic activation) | 38194-50-2 | Sulindac | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Oxicams | 36322-90-4 | Piroxicam | Moligand™, ≥98% (HPLC) | Oxicam class; longer half-life; common analgesic/anti-inflammatory control; note GI-risk wording. | |
Oxicams | 36322-90-4 | Piroxicam | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Oxicams | 59804-37-4 | Tenoxicam | ≥98% | Oxicam class; analgesic/anti-inflammatory; common for method work/controls. | |
Oxicams | 59804-37-4 | Tenoxicam | 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Oxicams | 70374-39-9 | Lornoxicam | ≥98% (HPLC) | Lornoxicam; analgesic/anti-inflammatory; HPLC purity suits analysis/controls. | |
Oxicams | 70374-39-9 | Lornoxicam | 2 mM in DMSO | Lower concentration pre-dissolved format; suitable for DMSO-sensitive systems or low-dose screening. | |
Oxicams | 70374-39-9 | Lornoxicam | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; common pre-dissolved concentration for screening. | |
Oxicams | 71125-38-7 | Meloxicam | Moligand™, ≥98% | Meloxicam; relatively COX-2–preferential (not a coxib); commonly used in chronic inflammation/arthritis controls. | |
Oxicams | 71125-38-7 | Meloxicam | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Fenamates | 61-68-7 | Mefenamic acid | Moligand™, ≥98% | Fenamate class; analgesic/anti-inflammatory (common in dysmenorrhea contexts); usable for research controls and method work. | |
Fenamates | 61-68-7 | Mefenamic acid | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Fenamates | 530-78-9 | Flufenamic acid | Moligand™, ≥99% | Flufenamic acid; fenamate class; often used as a tool compound/control; high purity suits method work. | |
Fenamates | 530-78-9 | Flufenamic acid | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 169590-42-5 | Celecoxib | - | COX-2 selective; GI risk often lower than non-selective NSAIDs (not risk-free); GMP for quality/compliance contexts. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 169590-42-5 | Celecoxib (GMP Like) | - | Same as above; “GMP like” for benchmarking/verification scenarios. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 169590-42-5 | Celecoxib | Moligand™, ≥99% | Same as above; high-purity solid for controls/method work. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 169590-42-5 | Celecoxib | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 202409-33-4 | Etoricoxib | Moligand™, ≥98% | Etoricoxib; common COX-2–selective control; solid suitable for method work. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 202409-33-4 | Etoricoxib | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 198470-84-7 | Parecoxib | Moligand™, ≥98% | Parecoxib (injectable COX-2–related prodrug concept); commonly used in perioperative/acute pain research. Parecoxib is a prodrug of valdecoxib (rapidly converted after injection). | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 198470-84-7 | Parecoxib | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 162011-90-7 | Rofecoxib | Moligand™, ≥98% | Historical COX-2–selective representative; withdrawn in many countries but still used in research controls/mechanism work; marketing copy is advised to label “for research use.” | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 162011-90-7 | Rofecoxib | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 181695-72-7 | Valdecoxib | Moligand™, ≥99% | Valdecoxib; withdrawn/restricted in some markets; usable as a research control; emphasize “for research use” in communications. | |
Coxibs (selective COX-2 inhibitors) | 181695-72-7 | Valdecoxib | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Other NSAIDs (sulfonanilides, etc.) | 51803-78-2 | Nimesulide | Moligand™, ≥98% (HPLC) | Nimesulide; often grouped as “relatively COX-2–preferential”; pay attention to region-specific compliant wording (hepatotoxicity risk is frequently discussed). | |
Other NSAIDs (sulfonanilides, etc.) | 51803-78-2 | Nimesulide | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Non-acidic prodrug NSAID (naphthylalkanone prodrug) | 42924-53-8 | Nabumetone | Moligand™, ≥98% | Nabumetone; non-acidic prodrug-type NSAID; used for comparative studies, SAR, and PK differences. | |
Non-acidic prodrug NSAID | 42924-53-8 | Nabumetone | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Pyrazolidinediones | 50-33-9 | Phenylbutazone | Moligand™, ≥98% (HPLC) | Phenylbutazone; classic NSAID representative (more safety controversies; limited modern clinical use); common in research/historical comparisons. | |
Pyrazolidinediones | 50-33-9 | Phenylbutazone | Moligand™, 10 mM in DMSO | Same as above; pre-dissolved for screening. | |
Non-NSAID antipyretic analgesic (often not classified as NSAIDs) | 103-90-2 | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | Chemical pure (CP), ≥98% (HPLC) | Primarily antipyretic/analgesic with weak anti-inflammatory activity (often not classified as an NSAID due to insufficient anti-inflammatory effect); suitable as a “non-opioid analgesic control beyond NSAIDs”; HPLC metric suits analytical use. | |
Non-NSAID antipyretic analgesic | 103-90-2 | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | ≥98% | Same as above; suitable for routine research/method work. | |
Non-NSAID antipyretic analgesic | 103-90-2 | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | AR, ≥99% | Same as above; AR grade for quality/method development. | |
Non-NSAID antipyretic analgesic | 103-90-2 | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | 10 mM in DMSO | Pre-dissolved for cell/screening; commonly used as a “non-NSAID control.” | |
Non-NSAID antipyretic analgesic | 103-90-2 | Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) | Analytical standard, ≥99.5% | Analytical standard grade for quantitative analysis, method validation, and QC controls. |
Aladdin: https://www.aladdinsci.com/
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