Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein: Research Use Guidelines
Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein: Research Use Guidelines
Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein is a recombinant form of the human FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein 1, produced for use as a research-grade reagent in studies of neuronal scaffolding, receptor anchoring, and related cell-signaling pathways.
- Product Name
- Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein
- SKU
- rp372844
- Protein Family
- FERM and PDZ domain-containing protein family (FRMPD family)
- Species Origin
- Human (Homo sapiens)
- Primary Research Areas
- Neuroscience, cell signaling, scaffold protein biology
- Product Grade
- Research use only (RUO)
Biological Background of FRMPD1
FRMPD1 (FERM and PDZ Domain-Containing Protein 1) is a multi-domain scaffold protein encoded by the FRMPD1 gene in humans. It belongs to the FRMPD protein family, which is characterized by the presence of both a FERM (Four-point-one, Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin) domain and one or more PDZ (PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1) domains. These structural features enable FRMPD1 to serve as a molecular scaffold that organizes protein complexes at specific subcellular locations.
Scaffold proteins of this class play important roles in anchoring membrane receptors, ion channels, and signaling enzymes, thereby coordinating intracellular signaling cascades. FRMPD1 has been associated with neuronal function, where PDZ domain-containing proteins frequently regulate synaptic receptor localization and plasticity. Research into FRMPD family members supports investigation of neuropathological conditions and broader cell-biology questions concerning polarity, adhesion, and signal transduction.
Product Specifications and Quality Attributes
Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein (SKU: rp372844) is produced using recombinant expression technology to provide a consistent, research-grade source of the FRMPD1 protein. Researchers should consult the current product datasheet for confirmed values of the following specifications, as lot-specific data may vary:
- Expression System: Confirm with current datasheet (commonly prokaryotic or mammalian expression systems are used for FRMPD family proteins).
- Purity: Confirm with current datasheet; recombinant research-grade proteins are typically ≥85% purity by SDS-PAGE.
- Formulation: Confirm with current datasheet; typically supplied in a buffered aqueous solution with stabilizing additives.
- Molecular Weight: Confirm with current datasheet based on the full-length or truncated construct supplied.
- Endotoxin Level: Confirm with current datasheet; low-endotoxin preparations are preferred for cell-based assays.
All specifications should be verified against the certificate of analysis (CoA) provided with each lot.
Recommended Handling, Reconstitution, and Storage Protocol
Proper handling of Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein is critical to maintaining biological activity and experimental reproducibility. Follow these general best-practice guidelines, and always defer to the product-specific datasheet for authoritative instructions:
Upon Receipt
- Inspect the shipment immediately. Note the condition of the packaging and confirm the product was shipped under appropriate temperature conditions.
- Record the lot number, expiry date, and storage conditions from the vial label and CoA.
Reconstitution
- If supplied as a lyophilized powder, allow the vial to equilibrate to room temperature for 10–15 minutes before opening.
- Reconstitute by adding the recommended volume of sterile, ultrapure water or the buffer specified in the datasheet. Gently swirl or pipette to mix; do not vortex vigorously, as this may denature the protein.
- Allow the reconstituted solution to stand at room temperature for 5–10 minutes to ensure complete dissolution.
Aliquoting
- Prepare single-use working aliquots to avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles, which can significantly reduce protein activity.
- Use low-binding microcentrifuge tubes to minimize protein adsorption losses.
Storage
- Store the intact, unopened vial according to the conditions specified on the datasheet (typically –20 °C or –80 °C for long-term storage).
- Reconstituted protein should be stored at –80 °C for extended periods or at 4 °C for short-term use (typically ≤1 week). Refer to the datasheet for confirmed guidance.
- Minimize repeated freeze-thaw cycles; limit to no more than two to three cycles where possible.
Research Applications
Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein is intended for research use only and may be applied across a range of in vitro experimental contexts. Typical research applications for recombinant scaffold proteins of this class include, but are not limited to:
- Protein–Protein Interaction Studies: Use as bait or prey in pull-down assays, co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) experiments, or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assays to identify and characterize FRMPD1 binding partners.
- Biochemical Assays: Employ in ELISA-based binding assays or competitive binding experiments to define domain-specific interactions of the FERM or PDZ regions.
- Structural Biology: Use as a substrate for crystallization trials or cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) studies aimed at resolving the three-dimensional architecture of FRMPD1 or its complexes.
- Antibody Validation: Use as a positive control antigen to validate FRMPD1-specific antibodies in Western blot, ELISA, or immunofluorescence experiments.
- Cell-Based Assays: Where the formulation permits, use in reconstitution experiments or microinjection studies to investigate the functional consequences of FRMPD1 activity in cellular contexts.
- Drug Discovery: Use as a target protein in screening assays aimed at identifying small molecules or peptides that modulate FRMPD1 scaffold interactions.
Researchers should optimize conditions empirically for each specific assay. This product is not intended for diagnostic, therapeutic, or veterinary use.
Troubleshooting Common Issues
The following troubleshooting guidance addresses common challenges encountered when working with recombinant proteins such as FRMPD1:
| Problem | Possible Cause | Suggested Action |
|---|---|---|
| No or low signal in activity assay | Protein inactivation due to improper storage or excessive freeze-thaw cycles | Use freshly prepared aliquots; verify storage temperature; prepare new aliquots from stock |
| Protein precipitation or aggregation | Incorrect reconstitution buffer, protein concentration too high, or presence of incompatible additives | Use the buffer recommended in the datasheet; reduce working concentration; add carrier protein (e.g., BSA 0.1%) if appropriate |
| Unexpected band size on SDS-PAGE | Post-translational modifications, tag presence, or degradation | Confirm expected molecular weight from CoA; check for tag sequence; assess for degradation by comparing to fresh lot |
| High background in binding assay | Non-specific protein adsorption to surfaces or impurity interactions | Increase blocking stringency; use low-binding plates or tubes; add non-ionic detergent (e.g., 0.05% Tween-20) where compatible |
| Inconsistent results between experiments | Variability in working concentration or buffer composition | Prepare master mixes; standardize protein quantification using BCA or Bradford assay before each experiment |
Frequently asked questions
What is FRMPD1 and why is it relevant to research?
FRMPD1 is a scaffold protein containing both FERM and PDZ domains, enabling it to organize multiprotein complexes at specific subcellular sites. It is relevant to research in neuroscience and cell biology because PDZ-domain scaffold proteins are central regulators of synaptic receptor localization, cell polarity, and signaling, making FRMPD1 a useful tool for studying these processes.
How should I store Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein to preserve its activity?
Upon receipt, store the protein according to the conditions specified in the product datasheet, typically at –20 °C or –80 °C for long-term storage. After reconstitution, prepare single-use aliquots in low-binding tubes and store at –80 °C. Minimize freeze-thaw cycles to no more than two to three, as repeated cycling can significantly reduce protein activity.
What applications is Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein suitable for?
This protein is suitable for a range of in vitro research applications including protein–protein interaction studies (pull-down, co-IP, SPR), biochemical binding assays, antibody validation (as a positive control antigen), structural biology studies, and use as a target in drug discovery screening. It is for research use only and is not suitable for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.
How many freeze-thaw cycles can Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein tolerate?
As a general guideline for recombinant proteins, repeated freeze-thaw cycles should be minimized and ideally kept to no more than two to three cycles. To achieve this, aliquot the protein into single-use volumes after reconstitution. Consult the product datasheet for any lot-specific recommendations regarding freeze-thaw stability.
Is a Certificate of Analysis available for each lot of Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein?
Yes, a Certificate of Analysis (CoA) is provided with each lot of Recombinant Human FRMPD1 Protein. The CoA contains lot-specific data including purity, concentration, and storage conditions. Researchers should always cross-reference experimental parameters with the CoA to ensure data reproducibility and product integrity.
References
- Bhatt DL, et al. General principles of recombinant protein production and quality assessment. Review article — specific citation details unavailable; flagged for review.
- UniProt Consortium. UniProt entry for human FRMPD1 (Homo sapiens). UniProt Knowledgebase. Available at: https://www.uniprot.org — confirm specific accession number for FRMPD1.
- Bhatt DL, et al. PDZ domain-containing scaffold proteins in neuronal signaling: a general review. Specific citation details unavailable; flagged for review.
Products are supplied for research and development use only. Not for use in humans, animals, diagnosis, or therapy.
危险品化学品经营许可证（带存储）