Aging involves persistent dysregulation of nutrient sensing, energy metabolism, protein homeostasis, and chronic inflammation. IIS, mTOR, AMPK, NF-κB, and Sirtuins are interconnected through nodes including AKT, FOXO, ULK1, and NAD⁺ and jointly regulate cell growth, autophagy, stress adaptation, ...
Cellular senescence is a stable state of proliferative arrest induced by cellular damage or stress. Persistent accumulation of senescent cells and their senescence-associated secretory phenotype can promote chronic inflammation and tissue dysfunction, whereas senolytics selectively induce ...