The side chain of proline connects back to the amino nitrogen to form a five-membered pyrrolidine ring, giving proline conformational characteristics distinct from those of most α-amino acids. Attaching a second carbocycle or heterocycle at the C3 position of proline produces a ...
Lead compound optimization usually requires the simultaneous modulation of target activity, solubility, membrane permeability, metabolic stability, and nonspecific binding. A structural change may improve one property while shifting another outside the desired range. For example, basic amines ...