Depression involves multilevel abnormalities in monoaminergic transmission, the balance between glutamate and GABA, regulation of the stress axis, and synaptic plasticity. Different targets separately influence mood, reward, cognition, sleep, and stress responses and together form an ...
The core of carbon-nitrogen metabolic crosstalk lies in the dynamic conversion between carbon skeletons and nitrogen flow. Glutamate and α-ketoglutarate form key hubs connecting the TCA cycle, transamination reactions, glutamine metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis. Their changes reflect not ...
Glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are two of the most important neurotransmitters in the brain. Glutamate acts as the primary excitatory neurotransmitter, playing a crucial role in signal transmission within the central nervous system, while GABA serves as the main inhibitory ...