Pyruvate is a key metabolic node at the end of glycolysis. Depending on redox status, oxygen availability, cell type, and metabolic demand, pyruvate can enter different metabolic branches. PDC, LDH, and PDH respectively represent three typical routes from pyruvate toward ethanol fermentation, ...
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, EC 1.1.1.27) is a key redox enzyme catalyzing the terminal, reversible “lactate–pyruvate” step of glycolysis, using NAD⁺/NADH as coenzyme. It is widely distributed in multiple tissues, including myocardium, liver, skeletal muscle, kidney, and red blood cells.