Microorganisms can rapidly release excess carbon and generate ATP through acetate-producing pathways, while also activating extracellular acetate into acetyl-CoA. Phosphotransacetylase, acetate kinase, and acetyl-CoA synthetase jointly regulate acetate production, reutilization, and the ...
Trehalose is a non-reducing disaccharide composed of two glucose units linked by an α,α-1,1-glycosidic bond. It exhibits good chemical stability and formulation compatibility across a range of processing and storage conditions. Owing to its moisturizing capability, anti-freezing and desiccation ...