Stable isotope-labeled compounds use ²H, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, or ¹⁸O to label metabolic substrates, allowing their transformation and fate in vivo to be identified by mass spectrometry or nuclear magnetic resonance. This technology can be used to determine substrate sources, metabolic pathways, interorgan ...
TCA cycle metabolite detection is used to evaluate mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, substrate entry, anaplerotic reactions, redox status, and metabolic reprogramming. Common targets include citrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate, and oxaloacetate. Method selection should be ...
Amino acid metabolism follows a core logic of “amino-group transfer—deamination release/assimilation—carbon-skeleton recovery—resynthesis and allocation”, spanning protein turnover, energy metabolism, and nitrogen homeostasis.