Glycoprotein hormones consist of heterodimeric protein scaffolds and glycosylation modifications. The shared α-subunit provides folding, assembly, and secretion support, while the specific β-subunit determines receptor selectivity and principal biological effects. N-linked glycan site occupancy, ...
Gonadotropins are key endocrine effectors of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal (HPG) axis and mainly include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), as well as the placental hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), which exerts LH-like activity.