Recombinant proteins frequently accumulate as inclusion bodies in prokaryotic hosts and must be solubilized under denaturing conditions before refolding to regain native structure and activity. Urea and Guanidine Hydrochloride (GdnHCl) are the two workhorse denaturants: urea is cost-effective ...
In cell therapy, recombinant protein and antibody drug production, molecular diagnostics, and immunological research, endotoxin (LPS) control is a core requirement for reagent quality. In sensitive cells or in vivo models, contamination as low as
Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) is a protein produced by macrophages. Macrophages play a variety of roles in the immune defense system, including a central role in innate or natural immunity, and were first described as phagocytes by Metchnikoff in the 19th century, and are now known to ...
The TGF-β family (Transforming growth factor-beta family) includes members of TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, BMP (Bone morphogenetic protein), Activin, and Nodal, which play important roles in a variety of biological processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, extracellular ...