The pathomorphologic basis of bronchial asthma is chronic airway inflammation involving a variety of inflammatory cells and cellular components such as eosinophils, mast cells, T lymphocytes, and neutrophils, which causes airway hyperresponsiveness, resulting in airway obstruction and airflow limitation. Current research on the etiology, pathogenesis, and therapeutic agents of asthma cannot be separated from animal models. Currently, there are three main methods for modeling bronchial asthma: allergen-induced, gene technology-induced and exercise-induced methods.

Principle

The basic principle of the ovalbumin-induced method for constructing an animal model of bronchial asthma is that when the sensitizer-ovalbumin is injected into guinea pigs, its soluble antigenic component stimulates the body to produce specific immunoglobulin (IgE antibody), which puts the body in a sensitized state.

When the guinea pig is re-exposed to this antigen, an antigen-antibody reaction mediated by 1 gE occurs, causing cell degranulation and the release of active chemicals such as histamine and eosinophil chemokines, which act on the bronchial tubes and cause airway hyperreactivity leading to asthma.

Operation method

Construction of an animal model of bronchial asthma by the ovalbumin-induced method (Modeling experiments in animal models of bronchial asthma)

Principle

The basic principle of the ovalbumin-induced method for constructing an animal model of bronchial asthma is that when the sensitizer-ovalbumin is injected into guinea pigs, its soluble antigenic component stimulates the body to produce specific immunoglobulin (IgE antibody), which puts the body in a sensitized state. When the guinea pig is re-exposed to this antigen, an antigen-antibody reaction mediated by 1 gE occurs, causing cell degranulation and the release of active chemicals such as histamine and eosinophil chemokines, which act on the bronchial tubes and cause airway hyperreactivity leading to asthma.

Materials and Instruments

Equipment:
① Ultrasonic nebulizer inhaler;
② Male guinea pig, etc.
Reagents:
① Physiological saline solution (containing 10% ovalbumin).

Move

The basic process of constructing an animal model of bronchial asthma by the ovalbumin-induced method can be divided into the following steps:A. Healthy male guinea pigs weighing 300-500 g were selected and injected intraperitoneally with 10 mL of 10% ovalbumin saline solution to sensitize the guinea pigs.B. After 2 weeks, the guinea pigs were nebulized with 10% ovalbumin saline solution for 20 minutes to induce an asthma attack. Alternatively, guinea pigs of 200-300 g, male or female, can be sensitized by adding 10 mL of 0.5% ovalbumin (dissolved in saline) to an ultrasonic nebulizer on days 1 and 8, and then nebulizing the guinea pigs with a simple mask for 10 minutes.C. On days 16-20, sensitized guinea pigs are placed in a closed container and exposed to 1% ovalbumin aerosol for 10-30 minutes until an asthma-like attack occurs. The guinea pigs may show signs of asthma with coughing, irritability, cyanosis of the lips and limbs, labored struggling for breath, and a marked increase in respiratory rate. The respiratory curve can be traced by II-guided physiologic recorder, which shows accelerated respiratory rate and deepening of respiration. Pathologic examination reveals dilated capillaries, eosinophilic infiltration, and hypersecretory activity of glands.

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