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Information
Levobetaxolol (AL 1577A) exhibits a higher affinity at cloned human β1 and β2 receptors with Kivalue of 0.76 nM and 32.6 nM, respectively.
Targets
β1-adrenergic receptor ; β2-adrenergic receptor 0.76 nM(Ki); 32.6 nM(Ki)
In vitro
Levobetaxolol potently antagonizes functional activities at cloned human β1 and β2 receptors, and also at guinea pig atrial β1, tracheal β2 and rat colonic β3 receptors with IC50s of 33.2 nM, 2970 nM and 709 nM, respectively. Levobetaxolol (Ki = 16.4 nM) is more potent than dextrobetaxolol (Ki = 2.97 μM) at inhibiting isoproterenol-induced cAMP production in human non-pigmented ciliary epithelial cells. Levobetaxolol (topically applied) has been shown to reach the back of the eye in sufficient quantities to protect retinal ganglion cells from various types of insults. Levobetaxolol displaces [3H]-nitrendipine for L-type voltage-dependent calcium channel receptor with IC50 of 29.5 μM in rat cortex. Levobetaxolol reduces NMDA-stimulated 45Ca2+ influx by 47.3%. Levobetaxolol (topically applied) reduces the b-wave amplitude caused by ischaemia/reperfusion.
In vivo
Levobetaxolol (150 mg/eye) is more potent than dextrobetaxolol, reducing intraocular pressure by 25.9% in conscious ocular hypertensive cynomolgus monkeys. Levobetaxolol (20 mg/kg) significant protects retinal function and results in significantly thicker the RPE and outer nuclear layer in a photic-induced retinopathy rat model. Levobetaxolol (20 mg/kg) results in a 10-fold up-regulation of bFGF and a two-fold up-regulation of CNTF mRNA levels, trophic factors that have been shown to inhibit retinal degeneration in a number of species.
分类树(Taxonomy Tree)
| 界(kingdom) | 有机化合物 |
|---|---|
| 超类(Superclass) | 苯类化合物 |
| 类(Class) | 酚类 |
| 亚类(Subclass) | 酪醇及其衍生物 |
| 中间层级节点(Intermediate Tree Nodes) | 暂无 |
| 直接上位类(Direct Parent) | 酪醇及其衍生物 |
| 其他上位类(Alternative Parents) | 苯氧基化合物 酚醚 烷基芳基醚 仲醇 1,2-氨基醇 二烷基胺 二烷基醚 有机光子化合物 盐酸盐 碳氢化合物衍生物 |
| 分子骨架(Molecular Framework) | 芳香族同单环化合物 |
| 取代基(Substituents) | 1,2-氨基醇 - 羟基苯甲酸酯 - 芳基醚 - 氨基酸 - 芳香族同单环化合物 - 二烷基醚 - 乙醚 - 烃衍生物 - 氟氯烃 - 单环苯基基团 - 有机硝基化合物 - 有机氧化合物 - 有机氮化合物 - 有机氧化合物 - 有机氮化合物 - 苯酚醚 - 苯氧基化合物 - 醛基 - 二级脂肪胺 - 醛基 - 酪醇衍生物 |
| 描述(Description) | 该化合物属于酪醇及其衍生物类有机化合物。这类化合物在酚基团C4碳上连接羟乙基基团。 |
| 外部描述符(External Descriptors) | betaxolol hydrochloride |