Waterproof and Flame-Retardant Fabric Coating with Nail-Tie Structure was Constructed by Janus Particles with Strong Mechanical, Physical, and Chemical Durability

Oil spills are one of the most dangerous sources that cause serious environmental pollution and fire and explosion. In this work, multifunctional separator silica@polydivinylbenzene/poly 2,6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenyl ether (silica@PDVB/PPE) Janus particles were fabricated via seed emulsion polymerization, causing phase segregation as well as selective modification. The epoxy modified silica is partially covalently bonded to the fabric substrate surface by simple spraying to achieve a strong composite coating. The low surface energy PDVB/PPE forms a micronano rough layered surface, which can achieve a super hydrophobic and lipophile surface (WCA = 155°) and obtain a high flux separation of water and oil at 32,700 L·m–2·h–1. At the same time, the Janus composite fabric coating has the advantages of high heat resistance and flame retardant, which is realized by halogen-free flame-retardant unsaturated polyphosphate (PPE), making Janus fabric have potential value in separating oil–water mixtures and fire protection applications. In addition, the coating shows excellent chemical durability. After soaking in various aqueous solvents and organic solvents for 30 h, it can still maintain superhydrophobicity and flame retardant. The coating still has water repellency and flame retardant after 50 washings and mechanical wear and has good mechanical durability.