A wearable zinc-air battery based on an Agar hydrogel electrolyte for stable operation at −30 °C

Conventional flexible zinc-air batteries (ZABs) electrolytes are mainly made of hydrogels, and thus can freeze at low temperatures and cause cell failure. Here, we report a gel electrolyte consisting of agar, polyacrylamide and dimethyl sulfoxide with high ionic conductivity (24 mS cm −1 ) at −30 °C. The flexible ZABs based on this gel electrolyte showed good cycling stability (45 h) at −30 °C, which provides a new idea for the development of low-temperature resistant flexible ZABs.