A phenylboronic acid-based smart photonic crystal hydrogel sensor for colorimetric detection of glucose

Glucose detection plays crucial roles in the treatment and management of diabetes. We herein reported a simple strategy to prepare a photonic crystal hydrogel (PNAPB PCH) sensor for colorimetric detection of glucose. This sensor was composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-3-acrylamidophenyl boronic acid) smart hydrogel with pendent phenylboronic acid (PBA) units and embedded Fe3O4 colloidal photonic crystals (PCs), which could strongly diffract visible light and endowed the hydrogel with brilliant structural colors. The PBA units could form complex with glucose molecules, thus increasing the ionization degree of the hydrogel and expanding its volume. The volume swelling increased the adjacent distance of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) and thereby red-shifted its diffraction wavelength. As a result, the glucose signal could be facilely converted into a color change of the hydrogel. The resulted PNAPB PCH biosensor displayed high sensitivity and selectivity to glucose as well as excellent thermosensitive detection performances. In addition, through taking advantage of the unique thermosensitivity of the introduced PNIPAM moieties on the gel network, the glucose-responded PNAPB PCH sensor could be easily regenerated via simply alternate flushing using hot/cold water while without compromising its performance. Such a glucose-sensitive PCH sensor possessing the obvious advantages of portability, ease of operation, and cost-effectiveness, makes it valuable for daily blood glucose monitoring and diabetes diagnosis.