Preparation of Li3V2(PO4)3@C composites using aluminum chloride catalyzed fermentation residue of bioethanol production with reed as carbon source for long life Li-ion batteries

The capability and longevity of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are heavily influenced by simultaneously increasing the lithium-ion extraction/insertion dynamics and enhancing the construction stabilization of Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ) 3 (LVP) positive electrode material. With the goal to improve the battery's stability, fermentation residues rich in functional groups that contain oxygen might be wrapped around LVP. This is the first time, to our knowledge, that high-performance LVP cathode materials have been created utilizing leftover fermentation waste as a carbon source. More crucially, due to the promoted invertible V 3+ /V 4+ redox conjugate pair created by oxygen groups coinciding with the improved Li + dynamics properties, the top-performing material generated an excellent primal discharging capability of 131.9 mA h/g (approaching the projected performance) at 0.5 C. Additionally, after 500 cycles, the improved battery exhibits higher capacity retention of 95%.