CQD-ATO hybrid nanofluid with good stability in the application of spectral beam splitters

In photovoltaic power systems , nanofluids are promising candidates for spectral beam splitters (SBSs) owing to their excellent spectral absorption regulation characteristics. The drawbacks of high cost and instability restrain the practical application of nanofluid SBSs. Here, we proposed a hybrid nanofluid SBS containing carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and antimony tin oxide (ATO) nanoparticles , which has been proven to be an excellent SBS from multiple perspectives. Both CQDs and ATO nanoparticles have low cost and super stability, which ensures the long-term practical application of hybrid nanofluid SBSs. Then, the light absorption characteristics of hybrid nanofluids can be effectively regulated because of the complementary optical properties of CQDs and ATO nanoparticles. Furthermore, the PV/T conversion model and indoor test were used to assess the filtering performance of hybrid nanofluid SBSs. The results indicate that CQD-ATO hybrid nanofluids can achieve a high merit function value of 1.815, which is significantly higher than pure CQD nanofluids and outperforms other nanofluid SBSs reported in the literature. This paper may promote the practical utilization of nanofluid SBSs in photovoltaic power systems.