Layer-by-layer assembly induced strong, hydrophobic and anti-bacterial TEMPO oxidized cellulose nanofibrils films for highly efficient UV-shielding and oil-water separation

Anti-ultraviolet material with cost-effectiveness, environmental friendliness, and multifunction is urgently needed to address the serious problem of ultraviolet radiation . However, traditional anti-ultraviolet products based on plastics are unsustainable and harmful to the environment. Herein, the cellulose films with a sandwich structure using a surface assembly technique were reported. Natural L -phenylalanine was grafted onto cellulose nanofibrils via amidation to enhance their UV-shielding property. To address the hydrophilic nature and limited mechanical strength of cellulose films, we employed octadecyltrichlorosilane and 4ARM-PEG-NH 2 for hydrophobic coating and mechanical reinforcement, respectively. In addition to providing complete UV resistance in the wavelength range of 200–320 nm, sample OPT5 exhibited significantly improved tensile stress, Young's modulus , and toughness, measuring 174.09 MPa, 71.11 MPa, and 295.33 MJ/m 3 , respectively. Furthermore, due to the presence of antibacterial amine groups, the modified film demonstrated a satisfactory inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis . Compared to natural cellulose films, the hydrophobically modified material achieved a contact angle of up to 121.1°, which enabled efficient separation of oil-water mixtures with a maximum separation efficiency of 93.87 %. In summary, the proposed TOCNF-based UV-shielding film with multifunctionality holds great potential for replacing petrochemical-derived plastics and serving as an applicable and sustainable membrane material.