Solvation Structure Tuning Induces LiF/Li3N-Rich CEI and SEI Interfaces for Superior Li/CFx Batteries

The electrode/electrolyte interfaces play an important role in the electrochemical reaction kinetics to alleviate the severe polarization and voltage hysteresis in lithium primary batteries. Herein, C 5 F 5 N is proposed as an electrolyte additive to tune the characteristics of the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. The Li/CF x primary battery with C 5 F 5 N additive exhibits an excellent discharge-specific capacity of 981.4 mAh g −1 (0.1 C), a remarkable high-rate capability of 598 mAh g −1 (15 C), and an outstanding energy/power density of 1068.7 Wh kg −1 /24362.5 W kg −1 . It also shows remarkable storage performance with 717.2 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C after storage at 55 °C for 2 months. The excellent performance of the Li/CF x batteries is closely related to the improved and stable Li 3 N/LiF-rich homogeneous interfaces induced by the C 5 F 5 N additive, which results in uniform distribution of Li + flux, facilitated electrochemical kinetics, and increased rate capability of Li/CF x battery. Therefore, C 5 F 5 N is expected to be a promising electrolyte additive, and the related electrode/electrolyte interface engineering provides an effective and facile strategy to increase the performance of the lithium primary battery.