Boosting activity on copper functionalized biomass graphene by coupling nanocrystalline Nb2O5 as impressive rate capability for supercapacitor and outstanding catalytic activity for oxygen reduction

A novel and hierarchical porous but cross-linked copper-doped biomass graphene (Cu@HPBG) combined with Nb 2 O 5 (denoted as Nb 2 O 5 /Cu@HPBG) is successfully fabricated on a large-scale using fig peels as biomass carbon and copper as the graphitization catalyst. During the synthesis process, basic copper carbonate serves dual functions of pore-forming agent, as well as homogeneous copper provider, and NH 3 is employed as a defect-forming agent and N dopant. Owing to the porous hierarchical structure increased availability of contact interface and pseudo capacitance active sites provided by copper and Nb 2 O 5 , the assembled asymmetrical supercapacitor (ASC) employing Nb 2 O 5 /Cu@HPBG as positive electrode and HPBG as negative electrode can not only widen the stability window range of 0～1.9 V, but also deliver a maximum gravimetric energy density of 82.8 W h kg −1 at the power density of 950.0 W kg −1 and maintain a remarkable cycling stability of 97.1% after 15,000 cycles. Impressively, due to the synergistic enhancement of Cu@HPBG and Nb 2 O 5 , the resulting Nb 2 O 5 /Cu@HPBG hybrid displays more positive half wave potential (∼0.85 V) and a long-life stability than Pt/C electrode toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our research provides a feasible strategy to fabricate renewable biomass graphene electroactive composites for large-scale supercapacitor electrodes and efficient ORR catalysts toward energy applications.