A mechanical HSA biosensor based on multi-field-coupling-mediated magnetic sensitization strategy

The conventional mechanical biosensor based on stress and electrical conversion can be an effective method to detect key human biomarkers for clinical diagnosis and early disease prevention. However, the applications of this type of biosensor are greatly limited due to their unsatisfactory sensitivity. In this work, a magnetic-sensitized (MS) mechanical biosensor based on multi-field coupling was developed for higher sensitivity, giving access to detect human serum albumin (HSA). Via introducing secondary magnetic antibodies labeled with magnetized Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles to the stress and electrical conversion element of the MS-biosensor, the multi-field coupling was realized based on stress, electricity, and magnetism. Under the action of the magnetic field, the magnetic force of the secondary magnetic antibody and the stress of antigen-antibody binding jointly drove and enhanced the deformation of the MS-biosensor, amplifying the electrical signal, and realizing magnetic sensitization. The HSA was detected by the MS-biosensor at a range of 0–80 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.14 μg/mL, demonstrating the high performance of the MS-biosensor. Moreover, the MS-biosensor showed high selectivity, specificity, and stability, indicating that the magnetic sensitization strategy of the MS-biosensor was significant for the clinical application of mechanical biosensors.