Rhodamine derivative–functionalized mesoporous silica–Al3+ hybrid material for fluorescence “turn–on” detection of tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous media

The organic–inorganic hybrid material was prepared by embedding 2-amino-3′,6′-bis(diethylamino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9′-xanthen]-3-one (RBH) onto mesoporous SBA–15 silica and coordinating it with Al 3+ (RBH–SBA–15–Al 3+ ). RBH–SBA–15–Al 3+ was used for the selective and sensitive detection of tetracycline antibiotics (TAs) in aqueous media based on the binding site–signaling unit mechanism, in which Al 3+ acted as the binding site and the fluorescence intensity at 586 nm as the response signal. The addition of TAs to RBH–SBA–15–Al 3+ suspensions resulted in the formation of RBH–SBA–15–Al 3+ –TAs conjugates, which realized the electron transfer process and turned-on fluorescence signal at 586 nm. The detection limits for tetracycline (TC), oxytetracycline, and chlortetracycline were 0.06, 0.06, and 0.03 µM, respectively. Meanwhile, the detection of TC was feasible in real samples, such as tap water and honey. In addition, RBH–SBA–15 can operate as a TRANSFER logic gate by using Al 3+ and TAs as input signals and the fluorescence intensity at 586 nm as output signal. This study proposes an efficient strategy for the selective detection of target analytes by introducing interaction sites (e.g. Al 3+ ) with target analytes in the system.