Extraction optimization of tea saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meal with deep eutectic solvents: Composition identification and properties evaluation

Traditional organic solvent extractions of tea saponins have many drawbacks. This study aimed to establish an environment-friendly and efficient technology based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to extract tea saponins from Camellia oleifera seed meal. The solvent consisting of choline chloride and methylurea was screened as optimal DES. Under the optimal extraction conditions obtained by response surface methodology, the extraction yield of tea saponins reached 94.36 mg/g, which increased by 27% compared with ethanol extraction, while the extraction time was reduced by 50%. Analysis of UV, FT-IR, and UPLC-Q/TOF-MS indicated tea saponins did not alter during DES extraction. Surface activity and emulsification evaluation showed that extracted tea saponins could reduce interfacial tension at the oil–water interface with excellent foamability and foam stability, and they could form nanoemulsions ( d 32  < 200 nm) with excellent stability. This study provides a suitable approach for the efficient extraction of tea saponins.