Structural, rheological, pasting, and digestive properties of wheat A-starch: Effect of outshell removal combined with annealing

Wheat A- starch was subjected to single and combined CaCl 2 and annealing (ANN) treatments. The influence of the treatment on wheat A- starch's structural, rheological, pasting, and digestive characteristics were studied. The results indicated that the application of CaCl 2 treatment caused the removal of the outer layer of wheat A-starch, disrupted the integrity of the growth ring structure, and lowered the molecular weight of amylopectin and relative crystallinity. Meanwhile, the application of outshell removal combined with ANN treatment led to significant damage to the starch granules, resulting in a marked reduction in relative crystallinity, as well as the molecular weight of amylopectin and amylose . However, no changes were found in the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior of starch after single or combined treatments. Furthermore, the combination of outshell removal and annealing treatment resulted in a decreased peak viscosity as well as trough viscosity of starch. Moreover, long-time ANN treatment had the potential to improve the resistant starch (RS) content of deshell starch.