Directional Activated Exciton Highway via Fractal Electric Field Modulation for Ultrasensitive Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensors

The electrical vapor sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted wide attention due to its excellent conductivity, stable interfacial structure, and low dimensional quantum effects. However, the conductivity and contact interface activity were still limited by the random distribution of coated CNTs, which led to limited performance. We developed a new strategy to unify the CNT directions with image fractal designing of the electrode system. In such a system, directional aligned CNTs were gained under a well-modulated electric field, leading to microscale CNT exciton highways and molecule-scale host–guest site activation. The carrier mobility of the aligned CNT device is 20-fold higher than that of the random network CNT device. With excellent electrical properties, such modulated CNT devices based on fractal electrodes behave as an ultrasensitive vapor sensor for methylphenethylamine, a mimic of illicit drug methamphetamine. The detection limit reached as low as 0.998 ppq, 6 orders of magnitude sensitive than the reported 5 ppb record based on interdigital electrodes with random distributed CNTs. Since the device is easily fabricated in wafer-level and compatible with the CMOS process, such a fractal design strategy for aligned CNT preparation will be widely applied in a variety of wafer-level electrical functional devices.