Cinnamaldehyde Restores Ceftriaxone Susceptibility against Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella

In recent years, infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria have greatly threatened human health and imposed a burden on global public health. To overcome this crisis, there is an urgent need to seek effective alternatives to single antibiotic therapy to circumvent drug resistance and prevent MDR bacteria. According to previous reports, cinnamaldehyde exerts antibacterial activity against drug-resistantSalmonellaspp. This study was conducted to investigate whether cinnamaldehyde has a synergistic effect on antibiotics when used in combination, we found that cinnamaldehyde enhanced the antibacterial activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDRSalmonellain vitro by significantly reduced the expression of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, inhibiting the development of drug resistance under ceftriaxone selective pressure in vitro, damaging the cell membrane, and affecting its basic metabolism. In addition, it restored the activity of ceftriaxone sodium against MDRSalmonellain vivo and inhibited peritonitis caused by ceftriaxone resistant strain ofSalmonellain mice. Collectively, these results revealed that cinnamaldehyde can be used as a novel ceftriaxone adjuvant to prevent and treat infections caused by MDRSalmonella, mitigating the possibility of producing further mutant strains.Keywords:cinnamaldehyde;multidrug-resistant bacteria;cell membrane;extended-spectrum beta-lactamase