Cellulose-based evaporator with dual boost of water transportation and photothermal conversion for highly solar-driven evaporation

Two-dimensional (2D) evaporation systems could significantly reduce the heat conduction loss compared with the photothermal conversion materials particles during the evaporation process. But the normal layer-by-layer self-assembly method of 2D evaporator would reduce the water transportation performance due to the highly compact channel structures. Herein, in our work, the 2D evaporator with cellulose nanofiber (CNF), Ti 3 C 2 T x (MXene) and polydopamine modified lignin (PL) by layer-by-layer self-assembly and freeze-drying methods. The addition of PL also enhanced the light absorption and photothermal conversion performance of the evaporator due to the strong conjugation and π-π molecular interactions . After the combination process of layer-by-layer self-assembly and freeze-drying process, the as-prepared freeze-dried CNF/MXene/PL (f-CMPL) aerogel film exhibited highly interconnected porous structure with promoted hydrophilicity (enhanced water transportation performance). Benefiting these favorable properties, the f-CMPL aerogel film showed enhanced light absorption performance (surface temperature could be reached to 39 °C under 1 sun irradiation) and higher evaporation rate (1.60 kg m −2  h −1 ). This work opens new way to fabricate cellulose-based evaporator with highly evaporation performance for the solar steam generation and provides a new idea for improving the evaporation performance of 2D cellulose-based evaporator.