Modulating Nonluminous 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 Perovskites by Metal Ion Doping

Metal halide perovskite materials have highly attracted wide attention for lighting applications because of their unique optoelectronic properties. However, the complex preparation processes and the toxicity of lead have limited their practical applications. There are few reports on zero-dimensional (0D) organic/inorganic tin-based perovskites with both good stability and a high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY). Here, Sb3+ doping and Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskite powders are reported. Sb3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites shows wide emission peaks at 530 and 640 nm with a PLQY of up to 17.03%, while Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites exhibits a broad blue emission at 460 nm with a PLQY of 4.40%. Combining experimental results and theoretical calculations, we propose that the mechanism of Sb3+ ion doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites is a P1 → 1S0 transition (singlet) at 530 nm and a 3P1 → 1S0 transition (triplet) at 640 nm. However, the mechanism of Bi3+ ion doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites is a 3P1 → 1S0 transition at 460 nm. In addition, both metal ion dopings of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskites have good air and thermal stability. We demonstrate that the Sb3+ doping and Bi3+ doping of 0D (NH4)2SnCl6 perovskite phosphors have great potential for solid-state lighting.