Ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor for Hg2+ in food based on three-dimensional upconversion nanoclusters and aptamer-modulated thymine-Hg2+-thymine strategy

Mercury (Hg 2+ ) is a potentially toxic heavy metal ion found to be drastically deleterious to humans. Herein, an ultrasensitive fluorescence sensor was developed using three-dimensional upconversion nanoclusters (EBSUCNPs) and aptamer-modulated thymine-Hg 2+ -thymine strategy. The EBSUCNPs were used as the energy donors, the PDANPs served as the acceptors, and the aptamer was applied as an identification tag for Hg 2+ . Due to the energy transfer effect, the fluorescence of EBSUCNPs can be effectively quenched by Polydopamine nanoparticles (PDANPs). In the existence of Hg 2+ , T (thymine)-rich aptamers between EBSUCNPs and PDANPs were hybridized with Hg 2+ to yield thymine-Hg 2+ -thymine and folded back to hairpin structure, causing PDANPs to detach from the EBSUCNPS and the recovery of fluorescence. Under optimum conditions, the linear sensing range of Hg 2+ was 0.5–20 µg/L, and the detection limit was 0.28 µg/L. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent selectivity and anti-interference, which made it an ideal method for identifying Hg 2+ in spiked samples.