Co-production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural and furfural from holocellulose over UiO-66-derived acid-base catalysts

UiO-66-derived H 2 N-UiO-66-SO 3 H with acid-base active sites was used for the co-production of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) and furfural (FUR) in the direct conversion of holocellulose composed of cellulose and hemicellulose. The prepared catalyst was further characterized by various techniques, confirming its formation, structure, and composition. H 2 N-UiO-66-SO 3 H displayed excellent performance for the selective conversion of holocellulose to 5-HMF and FUR, achieving yields of 39.1 % and 28.2 %, respectively. The reusability of the catalyst was also investigated by direct use after recycling without any pretreatment. The results indicated that H 2 N-UiO-66-SO 3 H had good stability, and after four cycles, the yields of 5-HMF and FUR decreased only slightly to 37.2 % and 27.1 %, respectively. The recyclable catalyst H 2 N-UiO-66-SO 3 H for the effective conversion of holocellulose to 5-HMF and FUR demonstrated application potential for the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.