Lignin-induced sacrificial conjoined-network enabled strong and tough chitosan membrane for food preservation

As a natural green polymer, chitosan is a promising material for plastic replacement. However, the mutually exclusive strength and toughness severely limit its commercial application, and the improved strength of chitosan-based materials is typically achieved at the expense of elongation or toughness. Herein, inspired by the existed multiple non-covalent interactions in biosynthesized fibers, we successfully fabricated a high-performance lignin/chitosan composite film by constructing sacrificial conjoined-network (hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interaction , etc.), which results in an impressive enhancement in tensile strength (50.2 MPa), elongation (73.6 %), and toughness (2.7 MJ/m 3 ) simultaneously, much superior to the pure chitosan film. In addition, the composite film also demonstrates excellent UV resistance, thermal stability , low oxygen permeability (3.9 cm 3 /(m 2 ·24h‧0.1 MPa)) and food preservation (with no negligible change for grape, apple, and cherry tomato after 5–10 days). Such developed lignin/chitosan with both components from biomass represents a promising alternative for plastic replacement.