Biosafety Photooxidation Strategy of Levofloxacin Driven by Manganese-Doped Indium Zinc Sulfide

Graphical Mn-doping optimizes the energy band structure of ZnIn 2 S 4 , enhancing the photocatalytic oxidation of antibiotics such as levofloxacin, norfloxacin, and tetracycline. ZIS-4% achieved 2.5 times higher degradation rates of levofloxacin than pristine ZIS, reaching almost 100% in 30 min. This study presents a new approach to Mn-doped photocatalyst design for antibiotic pollution control. Overuse of antibiotics has led to ecological hazards such as the emergence of resistance genes and super bacteria, necessitating the development of water pollution control technology. Indium zinc sulfide (ZnIn 2 S 4 , ZIS) is a promising material for environmental applications due to its narrow band gap and excellent light absorption ability. This study investigates Mn-doped ZIS photocatalysts to enhance their photocatalytic oxidation efficiency. Structural morphology, electrochemical testing, and active species testing confirm that Mn-doping optimizes the energy band structure of ZIS and increases the concentration of active free radicals, improving the efficiency of charge separation. Mn-doping also causes lattice distortion, leading to trapping centers to enhance charge separation efficiency. The optimal ZIS-4% oxidation degradation rate of levofloxacin was 2.5 times higher than that of pristine ZIS, with degradation rates reaching almost 100% in 30 minutes. This study provides a novel approach to designing Mn-doped photocatalysts for antibiotic pollution control.