Facile construction of phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system: For improving fire safety of EP

As the contradiction intensifies both the increasing consumption of petroleum resources and environmental protection, the exploitation and utilization of biological resources have reached an unprecedented height. In this work, a phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system was facilely constructed based on oyster waste via mechanochemical strategies for flame-retardant epoxy (EP). The characterization results showed the successful exfoliation of the lamellar structure in oyster waste during the mill process. EP composites with TOSP exhibited a short combustion time during the vertical combustion test. And the limited oxygen index value of EP composites with TOSP increased from 24.4 % to 27.3 %. Remarkably, the introduction of environmentally friendly TOSP enhanced the fire safety of EP (e.g., ∼41.8 % and 55.0 % decline in peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total CO production (TCOP) at only 4 wt% content). Hence, the work offers novel insights into the facile construction of a phosphorus-free and green organic-inorganic hybrid flame-retardant system and recycling oyster waste.