Multifunctional Molecule Assists Passivate Method to Simultaneously Improve the Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells

Graphical Less defects, higher efficiency : Small organic molecule 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylate (SN) acts as interface regulator to modify the perovskite film, improve the quality of perovskite crystals, reduce non-radiative recombination and surface defects and adjust the energy level between perovskite layer and hole transport layer, ultimately improving the performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been greatly improved recently. However, in organic–inorganic polycrystalline perovskite films many defects inevitably exist, which limits the PCE and stability of PSCs. Herein, a small organic molecule 2-chlorothiazole-4-carboxylic acid (SN) is spin coated on a perovskite film to enhance the performance of PSCs. We find that the multifunctional molecule SN reacts with under-coordinated Pb 2+ ions and I − vacancies because of the presence of the sulfur and nitrogen donor atoms, and the −COOH groups, which are conducive to suppressing charge recombination and passivating defects. Even more, the introduction of the SN layer can effectively adjust the energy level alignment, which is conducive to the separation and extraction of charge carriers in PSCs. Therefore, devices with SN modification show a champion PCE of 22.55 %. Besides, PSCs with SN show impressive stability, retaining 96 % of its initial PCE after storage in ambient air for 500 h.