Structural insights into mechanisms of rapid harvesting of microalgae with pH regulation by magnetic chitosan composites: A study based on E-DLVO model and component fluorescence analysis

Magnetic harvesting of microalgae depends on the interface interactions between microalgal cells and flocculants, and thus it is important to find a reasonable evaluation method understand these interface interactions. In this effort, we discussed the formation mechanism and pH regulation of microalgae magnetic harvesting via magnetic chitosan (Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS) synthesized by a micro-emulsion method. The flocculation performances and mechanisms during the harvesting of microalgae by the novel flocculant were evaluated. The synthesis process and structure were determined by XRD, FT-IR, SEM and XPS, and the results indicated that Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS was successfully prepared. The collection efficiency of 96.52 % was achieved for Chlorella vulgaris within 3 min using Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS with the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 and CS mass ratio of 1:3 under pH 1.0. Moreover, this study introduced the two-dimension fractal dimension and extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Overbeek (E-DLVO) model to evaluate the harvesting performances and mechanisms of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS. Experimental results showed that a strong electrostatic interaction was formed under acidic conditions between Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS and microalgae cells with D 2  = 1.82 (fractal dimension value). The hydrophobic tryptophan-like amino acid was observed in the slime-extracellular polymeric substances (S-EPS) secreted by microalgae. S-EPS was found to be a significant substance to promote harvesting performance when the system was neutral or alkaline. This work provides deeper insights into microalgae harvesting by Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS as well as reasonable mechanisms to illustrate the interaction of Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 -CS and microalgae under different pH values.