Constructing optimally hierarchical HY zeolite for the synthesis of high-energy-density tricyclic hydrocarbon fuel

In this work, a tricyclic fuel possessing high energy density and low freezing point has been synthesized via directional alkylation of naphthalene with cyclohexene. A hierarchical HY zeolite with well-defined micro/mesoporous framework was prepared by an alkali-treatment method to efficiently catalyze the reaction. Both porosity and acidity of HY zeolite were optimized by tuning NaOH concentration to maintain the active acid sites and increase their accessibility. The optimally hierarchical HY catalyst (0.5 HY) exhibited higher catalytic activity and good recycling stability. As a result, the tricyclic fuel was produced in high yield, which possesses an energy density of 42.38 MJ/L and a freezing point of < -75 °C. This work provides a straightforward reaction route and an efficient catalyst for the production of a high energy density tricyclic fuel using readily available raw materials.