Intra- and intermolecular charge transfer control of symmetric A1–D–A2–D–A1 ladder-like small molecules/g-C3N4 heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic sterilization and degradation from visible to near-infrared

Conjugated donor (D)–acceptor (A) polymer heterojunctions have developed as attractive photocatalysts. However, it is a great difficulty in precisely keeping the batch-to-batch reproducibility of polymers and controlling the related photocatalytic activity . Herein, three ladder-like small molecules BTx (BT2F, BTORCAE, and BTORIC2Cl) are synthesized via molecular engineering and the corresponding BTx/g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions are developed as photocatalysts for sterilization and contaminant degradation. It is demonstrated that employing another A unit into the D–A–D backbones of the small molecule could promote its intramolecular charge transfer and also improve the intermolecular charge transfer. Notably, BTORIC2Cl employing 2-(5,6-Dichloro-3-oxo-2,3 dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile as A 1 unit in its symmetric A 1 –D–A 2 –D–A 1 structure displays near-infrared absorption and extends the absorption edge of BTORIC2Cl/g-C 3 N 4 to 850 nm. With the synergy of efficient intermolecular charge transfer, BTORIC2Cl/g-C 3 N 4 contributes the champion photocatalytic activity of 98.9 % and 99.6 % antibacterial rates for Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli . Moreover, the highest degradation reaction rate constant for Rhodamine B obtained by BTORIC2Cl/g-C 3 N 4 is 5.7 times that of g-C 3 N 4 . This study proposes new ideas of fabricating small molecules/g-C 3 N 4 OSHJs as photocatalysts via rational molecular engineering.