Solid-liquid equilibrium of 1-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethenone in twelve mono-solvents: Solubility determination, Hansen solubility parameter and thermodynamic analysis

The mole fraction solubility of 1-[4-(4-hydroxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]ethenone (1-HPE) in twelve mono-solvent systems namely “2-methoxyethanol (2-ME), methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), butan-1-ol ( n -BuOH), 2-propoxyethanol (2-PE), propan-2-ol ( i -PrOH), 2-methylpropan-1-ol ( i -BuOH), Acetonitrile (MeCN), ethane-1,2-diol (EG), 2-ethoxyethanol (2-EE), propan-1-ol ( n -PrOH), 2-butoxyethanol (2-BE)” were determined from 283.15 K to 323.15 K under 0.1 MPa. The experimental solubility order follows: 2-ME > 2-EE > 2-PE > 2-BE > MeOH > EtOH >  n -PrOH >  i -PrOH ≈  n -BuOH >  i -BuOH ≈ MeCN > EG. The UNIQUAC model, modified Apelblat model, NRTL model, Wilson model, Jouyban model and NRTL-SAC model equation were used to correlate of 1-HPE solubility, and the average 10 4 RMSD of them was 0.89, 1.21, 0.94, 4.72, 0.60 and 1.25, respectively. Furthermore, Hansen solubility parameters analysis (HSP) was used to evaluate the miscibility of 1-HPE in the selected solvents. Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis was performed to discuss the electrostatic features and the patterns of intermolecular interactions of 1-HPE. Thermodynamic properties (Δ mix G , Δ mix S , Δ mix H , Δ dis G , Δ dis S , Δ dis H ) were calculated by the UNIQUAC model. The calculated results indicated that the dissolution and mixing process of 1-HPE in the mono-solvents selected in this work was spontaneous and entropy increment.