Achieving excellent oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of TiB2–B4C/carbon aerogel composites by quick-gelation and mechanical mixing

Thermal protection system (TPS) is of great significance to launch hypersonic flight and landing process of hypersonic vehicles, which can effectively shield the hypersonic vehicle from severe aerodynamic heating encountered. Phenolic aerogels play an important role in TPS due to their characteristics of low density, high porosity, and low thermal conductivity. However, phenolic aerogel is easy to be oxidized at elevated temperatures under oxidizing environments, which severely limits its large-scale application as thermal insulation materials in TPS. In this study, a novel TiB 2 –B 4 C/carbon (TB/C) aerogel composite was synthesized by introducing TiB 2 and B 4 C particles into phenolic aerogels through quick-gelation and mechanical mixing. The developed aerogel composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermal analysis, etc. , to evaluate their microstructure, oxidation resistance, and mechanical properties. Experimental evidence showed that TiB 2 and B 4 C particles reacted with the oxygen-containing molecules to form TiO 2 –B 2 O 3 layer, which effectively improved oxidation resistance and mechanical properties of phenolic aerogel composites.