Integrated one–dimensional CuO–nanowire arrays/Cu–foam nanoarchitecture for ultrahigh sensitive and non–enzymatic electrochemical determination of histamine levels in different–bacteria fermented mandarin fish

Integrated one–dimensional CuO–nanowire arrays/Cu–foam (CuO–NWAs/Cu–foam) nanostructure, which was fabricated by oxidation and calcination, has been newly utilized as non–enzymatic electrocatalytic electrode for exploring histamine level. Under optimal condition of pH at 13 and potential at 0.55 V ( vs Ag/Ag/Cl), the sensitivity of CuO–NWAs/Cu–foam electrode towards non–enzymatic electrochemical histamine determination presented as high as 12.94 mA mM −1 cm −2 , linear range spanned between 0.5 and 1046 μM, a detection limit (S/N = 3) was about 44 nM. The unprecedented causes of ultrahigh sensitivity were physically contributed to enhancing active surface area and declining charge transfer resistance. More crucially, the outstanding selectivity, stability and reproducibility facilitated its practical capacity on evaluating histamine levels in different–bacteria fermented mandarin fish, which triggered the potential feasibility for commercializing non–enzymatic electrochemical determination of histamine with high sensitivity, reliable precision and low expenditure.